Attached is a picture of what slow start looks like on a 100Mbit plan (acquired via the libreqos testbed, our tests vary, but if you would like to see many ISP plans tested against (presently) cake, feel free to click on https://payne.taht.net - it is not up all the time, nor are the tests the same all the time, for details as to what is running, please join us in the #libreqos:matrix.org chatroom) An overall point I have been trying to make is that *at some point*, any sufficiently long flow will exceed the available fifo queue length, and drop packets, sometimes quite a lot. That is a point, the high water mark, worth capturing the bandwidth in, say, the prior 100ms. To me packet behaviors look a lot like musical waveforms, especially when sampled at the appropriate nyquist rate for the bandwidth and rtt. Out of any waveform, these days, I can usually pick out what AQM (if any) is in action. I hope one day soon, more people see patterns like these, and glean a deeper understanding. I also keep hoping for someone to lean in, verify, and plot some results I got recently against mkeown´s theories of buffersizing, here: https://blog.cerowrt.org/post/juniper/ I don´t trust my results, especially when they are this good.