On conducted topologies, here are two common ones where ln are variable attenuator legs. The asterisk is a butler matrix or splitter/combiner in the relative center.
A B
\ /
l1\ / l2
\ /
*
/ \
l3/ \l4
/ \
C D
Then the power levels are controlled by variable attenuator legs, giving 4 degrees of freedom.
A B
\ /
l1\ / l2
\ /
*
| l5
*
/ \
l3/ \l4
/ \
C D
This immediate above collapses to the star when l5 = 0. Otherwise l5 separates two BSSIDs as an example.
The matrices are simple, eg. for the star:
1 1 0 0
1 0 1 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
Bob