[Bloat] (no subject)

[Jonathan Morton]

>> Pardon, but cwnd should NEVER be larger than the number of forwarding hops between source and destination.
>> Kleinrock and students recently proved that the optimum cwnd for both throughput and minimized latency is achieved when there is one packet or less in each outbound queue from source to destination (including cross traffic - meaning other flows sharing the same outbound queue.
> 
> This argument holds only if time-of-flight *between* nodes is negligible.  Trivially, a geosynchronous satellite hop adds only two nodes but approximately half a second to the one-way path delay, with potentially thousands of packets existing only as radio waves in the distance between, not in a queue.

Continuing my train of thought, what Kleinrock really implies is that the cwnd should *exceed* the native BDP by at most the number of hops.

 - Jonathan Morton