<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body style="background:#F3F2F1;">
<p>Here's an interesting "rantlet" on inequity in price and service
by big ISPs, which of course makes me wonder</p>
<ul>
<li>if end-users fixing bloat is enough to mitigate lack of IS
investment</li>
<li>if the markup's research team should be talking to the
speed-test sites to collect actual-performance and observed
bandwidth data<br>
</li>
</ul>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>--dave</p>
reference:<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://themarkup.org/show-your-work/2022/10/19/how-we-uncovered-disparities-in-internet-deals">https://themarkup.org/show-your-work/2022/10/19/how-we-uncovered-disparities-in-internet-deals</a>
<p> </p>
<p></p>
<div class="moz-forward-container"><br>
<br>
-------- Forwarded Message --------
<table class="moz-email-headers-table" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">Subject:
</th>
<td>Broadband Bias</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">Date: </th>
<td>Sat, 22 Oct 2022 12:02:07 +0000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">From: </th>
<td>Julia Angwin <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:newsletter@themarkup.org"><newsletter@themarkup.org></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">To: </th>
<td><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:davecb@spamcop.net">davecb@spamcop.net</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<title>Broadband Bias</title>
<!--[if !mso]><!-- -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<!--<![endif]-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<style type="text/css">#outlook a { padding: 0; }.ReadMsgBody { width: 100%; }.ExternalClass { width: 100%; }.ExternalClass * { line-height:100%; }body { margin: 0; padding: 0; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%;-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;}table, td { border-collapse:collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; }img { border: 0; height: auto; line-height: 100%; outline: none; text-decoration: none; -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; }p { display: block; padding: 0; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 0; }.markup-p + .markup-p, .markup-p + .markup-blockquote {margin-top: 14px !important;}.markup-p + .markup-h2 {margin-top: 28px !important;}.markup-h2 {font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 28px; font-weight: 700;padding-bottom: 8px;}[class*="markup-p"] + [class*="markup-p"], [class*="markup-p"] + [class*="markup-blockquote"] {margin-top: 14px !important;}[class*="markup-p"] + [class*="markup-h2"] {margin-top: 28px !important;}</style><!--[if !mso]><!-->
<style type="text/css">@font-face {
font-family: 'MessinaSansWeb';
font-weight: 400;
src: url('https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/static/fonts/Messina/MessinaSansWeb-Regular.woff2') format('woff2'), url('https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/static/fonts/Messina/MessinaSansWeb-Regular.woff') format('woff');
}@font-face {
font-family: 'MessinaSansWeb';
font-weight: 700;
src: url('https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/static/fonts/Messina/MessinaSansWeb-Bold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/static/fonts/Messina/MessinaSansWeb-Bold.woff') format('woff');
}@font-face {
font-family: 'IvarDisplay-Bold';
font-weight: 400;
src: url('https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/static/fonts/Ivar/IvarDisplay-Bold.woff2') format('woff2'), url('https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/static/fonts/Ivar/IvarDisplay-Bold.woff') format('woff');
}.markup-h2 {font-family: 'MessinaSansWeb-Bold';font-weight: 400;}</style><!--<![endif]--><!--[if mso]>
<xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
<o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml>
<![endif]--><!--[if lte mso 11]>
<style type="text/css">
.outlook-group-fix {
width:100% !important;
}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<style type="text/css"></style>
<div style="background-color:#F3F2F1;">
<div id="preheader"
style="display:none;font-size:1px;color:#FFF;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;">Poorer
and less White neighborhoods get slower speeds</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" align="center" style="width:600px;"><tr><td style="line-height:0px;font-size:0px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><![endif]-->
<div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;">
<table style="font-size:0px;width:100%;" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="indented"
style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-top:12px;"><!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:600px;"><![endif]-->
<div class="mj-column-per-100 outlook-group-fix"
style="vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;direction:ltr;font-size:13px;text-align:left;width:100%;">
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<a href="https://themarkup.org/"
target="_blank" title="The Markup"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
class="newsletter-logo" alt="Hello
World" title=""
src="https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/static/img/newsletters/header-logo.png"
style="border:none;border-radius:0;display:block;outline:none;text-decoration:none;width:158px;height:30px;"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="158"
height="auto"></a>
<div class="newsletter-subject"
style="cursor:auto;color:#242A49;font-family:'IvarDisplay-Bold',-apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica,
sans-serif;font-size:45px;font-weight:700;line-height:35px;text-align:left;padding-top:
8px;">
Hello World
</div>
<div
style="cursor:auto;color:#242A49;font-family:'MessinaSansWeb-Regular',-apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica,
sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;line-height:24px;text-align:left;
padding-top: 8px;">
Dispatches from our founder
</div>
</td>
<td class="newsletter-cover-image"
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;"
width="170" align="right">
<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="170" align="center" style="width:170px;"><tr><td style="line-height:0px;font-size:0px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><![endif]-->
<div class="mj-column-per-100
outlook-group-fix"
style="vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;direction:ltr;font-size:13px;text-align:left;width:100%;">
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;"
align="center">
<table
style="border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
class="newsletter-cover-image"
style="width:170px;">
<img alt="Hello World"
title=""
class="newsletter-cover-image"
src="https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/static/img/newsletters/hello-world.png"
style="border:none;border-radius:0;display:block;outline:none;text-decoration:none;width:100%;height:auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="170"
height="auto">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" align="center" style="width:600px;"><tr><td style="line-height:0px;font-size:0px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><![endif]-->
<div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;">
<table style="font-size:0px;width:100%;" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="indented"
style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:0px;"><!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:600px;"><![endif]-->
<div class="mj-column-per-100 outlook-group-fix"
style="vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;direction:ltr;font-size:13px;text-align:left;width:100%;">
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:0px;">
<br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-top:15px;"
align="left">
<div
style="cursor:auto;color:#242A49;font-family:'MessinaSansWeb-Regular',-apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica,
sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;line-height:16px;text-align:left;">
This Week
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:
8px;" align="left">
<div class="newsletter-subject"
style="cursor:auto;color:#242A49;font-family:'IvarDisplay-Bold',-apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica,
sans-serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:700;line-height:35px;text-align:left;">
Broadband Bias</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" align="center" style="width:600px;"><tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff" style="background-color:#ffffff; border: 1px solid #FF335F;line-height:0px;font-size:0px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:600px;padding-left:25px;padding-right:25px;padding-top:25px;"><![endif]-->
<!--[if !mso]><!-->
<div class="margin" style="background-color:#ffffff; border: 1px
solid #FF335F;margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;">
<table style="font-size:0px;width:100%;" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="indented"
style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-left:25px;padding-right:25px;padding-top:25px;"><!--<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" align="center" style="width:600px;"><tr><td style="line-height:0px;font-size:0px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><![endif]-->
<div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;">
<table style="font-size:0px;width:100%;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"
align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:24px;"><!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:600px;"><![endif]-->
<div class="mj-column-per-100
outlook-group-fix"
style="vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;direction:ltr;font-size:13px;text-align:left;width:100%;">
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;"
align="left">
<div class="text-default"
style="cursor:auto;color:#3B424B;font-family:Georgia,
'Times New Roman', Times,
serif;font-size:18px;line-height:32px;text-align:left;">
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">Hello,
friends,</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">Imagine
shopping for a car and being
told that every car on the
lot is being offered for the
same price, but you don’t
get to choose which car
you’ll get. The dealership
decides if you walk out with
a Porsche or a Chevy. </span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">That’s
how some internet pricing in
the U.S. works. Most home
internet plans are offered
at a flat base rate, ranging
from $40 to $60 a month, but
what you get for that price
varies widely, according to
a </span><a
href="https://themarkup.org/still-loading/2022/10/19/dollars-to-megabits-you-may-be-paying-400-times-as-much-as-your-neighbor-for-internet-service"
style="color:#FF335F;text-decoration:underline;" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">new
Markup investigation</span></a><span
style="font-weight: 400;">
that was published this
week.</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">Reporters
Leon Yin and Aaron Sankin </span><a
href="https://themarkup.org/show-your-work/2022/10/19/how-we-uncovered-disparities-in-internet-deals"
style="color:#FF335F;text-decoration:underline;" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">analyzed
more than 800,000
broadband plans</span></a><span
style="font-weight: 400;">
offered across the U.S. from
AT&T, Verizon,
EarthLink, and CenturyLink,
and found that the speeds
they offered varied from
more than 200 megabits per
second (Mbps) in some
neighborhoods to below 25
Mbps in others.</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">To
put that in simple terms:
200 megabits per second is
the recommended minimum
speed for a household that
wants to participate in
multiple concurrent Zoom
calls without interruption.
Anything below 25 Mbps is
not even considered
broadband by the Federal
Communications Commission
(FCC). </span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">Calculated
by price per megabit, that
means customers are paying
hugely different prices for
the same service. For
example, CenturyLink offered
consumers rates that ranged
from 25 cents to $100 per
Mbps—which is 400 times
greater.</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" align="center" style="width:600px;"><tr><td style="line-height:0px;font-size:0px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><![endif]-->
<div class="image-outer"
style="margin:0px
auto;max-width:600px;">
<table class="image-inner"
style="font-size:0px;width:100%;"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0"
align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:24px;padding-top:24px;"><img
src="https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/uploads/2022/10/different-speeds-same-price.png"
alt="Chart:
Providers offer
different speeds
for the same
price."
style="border:none;border-radius:0;display:block;outline:none;text-decoration:none;width:100%;height:auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true" height="auto">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">And
guess which neighborhoods
generally got the worst
speeds? Lower-income,
historically redlined areas
that were less White.</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">In
92 percent of cities in our
investigation where
broadband speeds varied,
lower-income neighborhoods
disproportionately received
worse deals. In 66 percent
of cities, people of color
disproportionately received
worse deals. And in 100
percent of cities where data
was available, historically
redlined neighborhoods
received worse deals. </span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" align="center" style="width:600px;"><tr><td style="line-height:0px;font-size:0px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><![endif]-->
<div class="image-outer"
style="margin:0px
auto;max-width:600px;">
<table class="image-inner"
style="font-size:0px;width:100%;"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0"
align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:24px;padding-top:24px;"><img
src="https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/uploads/2022/10/poorer-neighborhoods-worse-internet.png"
alt="Map: In most
cities, poorer
neighborhoods were
offered worse
internet plans
more often."
style="border:none;border-radius:0;display:block;outline:none;text-decoration:none;width:100%;height:auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true" height="auto">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">The
amazing thing is that the
speed disparities are
probably even worse than
what we found. We calculated
these numbers based on the
speeds that the companies </span><em><span
style="font-weight: 400;">advertised</span></em><span
style="font-weight: 400;">
on their websites, not the
speeds that were actually
delivered. And as anyone who
uses the internet knows,
speeds are often quite </span><a
href="https://pcrd.purdue.edu/the-real-digital-divide-advertised-vs-actual-internet-speeds/"
style="color:#FF335F;text-decoration:underline;" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">different
from what is advertised</span></a><span
style="font-weight: 400;">—and
usually not in a good way.</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">The
telecom companies defended
their practices. Mark
Molzen, a spokesperson for
CenturyLink’s parent company
Lumen, said, “We do not
engage in discriminatory
practices like redlining and
find the accusation
offensive.”</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">AT&T
spokesperson Jim Greer said
that The Markup’s analysis
had ignored the company’s
low-cost access offerings
and participation in the
FCC’s Affordable
Connectivity Plan, which
provides a subsidy for
household Internet bills.
“Any suggestion that we
discriminate in providing
internet access is blatantly
wrong,” he said.</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">Verizon
spokesperson Rich Young
referred inquiries to the
industry group USTelecom,
which said that internet
providers can have good
reasons to charge the same
price for slower service.
“Operating and maintaining
legacy technologies can be
more expensive, especially
as legacy network components
are discontinued by
equipment manufacturers,”
said USTelecom senior vice
president Marie Johnson.</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">The
findings come at a time when
U.S. regulators are looking
into broadband equity. The
FCC </span><a
href="https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-initiates-inquiry-preventing-digital-discrimination"
style="color:#FF335F;text-decoration:underline;" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">is
currently drafting rules</span></a><span
style="font-weight: 400;">
“to promote equal access to
broadband across the
country, regardless of
income level, ethnicity,
race, religion, or national
origin.”</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">Broadband
pricing wasn’t always this
way. Companies used to
charge different prices for
different speeds, in what
were called “tiers.” But in
recent years, they have
moved toward a single price
in what the National Digital
Inclusion Alliance called in
a 2018 report “</span><a
href="https://www.digitalinclusion.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/NDIA-Tier-Flattening-July-2018.pdf"
style="color:#FF335F;text-decoration:underline;" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">tier
flattening</span></a><span
style="font-weight: 400;">.”</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">Unlike
buying a car, however, it’s
hard for broadband customers
to know that they are
getting a Chevy and not a
Porsche when they pay that
single, tier-flattened
price. </span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">To
buy broadband, you must
enter your address into one
of the telecoms’ websites to
see the price, speed, and
availability. Very few
people are likely to enter
other addresses into the
site to compare speeds that
their neighbors are
getting—and even if they do,
they aren’t likely to be
able to convince the company
to lower their rate.</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">This
lack of transparency means
that the companies have been
able to hide the stark
disparities from public
view. It took Leon and Aaron
months of work to scrape all
the prices from company
websites, then match them
with Census records to
analyze which neighborhoods
were getting which prices.</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">It’s
hard work, but it’s the
important work that
journalists must do to make
these hidden disparities
visible to the public.</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">As
always, thanks for reading.</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">Best,</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><span
style="font-weight: 400;">Julia
Angwin</span><span
style="font-weight: 400;"><br>
</span><span
style="font-weight: 400;">The
Markup</span></div>
<div class="markup-p"
style="margin:0;"><em><span
style="font-weight: 400;">(Additional
Hello World research by
Eve Zelickson.)</span></em></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" align="center" style="width:600px;"><tr><td style="line-height:0px;font-size:0px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><![endif]-->
<div class="margin" style="margin:0px
auto;max-width:600px;">
<table style="font-size:0px;width:100%;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"
align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:0;
padding-bottom:24px;">
<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:600px;"><![endif]-->
<div class="mj-column-per-100
outlook-group-fix"
style="vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;direction:ltr;font-size:13px;text-align:left;width:100%;">
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0;"
align="center">
<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" align="center" style="width:600px;"><tr><td style="line-height:0px;font-size:0px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><![endif]-->
<div
style="margin:0px;max-width:600px;border:
1px solid #CCD4DD;">
<table
style="font-size:0px;width:100%;"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0"
align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="https://themarkup.org/donate?utm_campaign=DON_HW"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<img
src="https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/uploads/2021/11/support_woman_16-9-1280x720.jpg"
alt="https://mrkp-static-production.themarkup.org/uploads/2021/11/support_woman_16-9-1280x720.jpg"
style="width:100%;height:auto;" moz-do-not-send="true">
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="indented"
style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:20px
30px;">
<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:600px;"><![endif]-->
<div
class="mj-column-per-100
outlook-group-fix"
style="vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;direction:ltr;font-size:13px;text-align:left;width:100%;">
<table width="100%"
cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:8px;"
align="left">
<div
style="cursor:auto;color:#242a49;font-family:
Arial,
-apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica,
sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:600;line-height:24px;text-align:left;">Support
The Markup</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;"
align="left">
<div
class="link-description"
style="cursor:auto;color:#666666;font-family: Arial, -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont,
Helvetica,
sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px;text-align:left;padding-bottom:
8px;">
Your donations
power our
award-winning
reporting and
our tools.
Together we
can do more.
Give now.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-top:
4px;"
align="left">
<div>
<!--[if mso]><v:roundrect xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" href="https://themarkup.org/donate" style="height:36px;v-text-anchor:middle;width:134px;" arcsize="139%" stroke="f" fillcolor="#EF475F"><w:anchorlock/><center><![endif]-->
<a
class="rnd-button"
href="https://themarkup.org/donate?utm_campaign=DON_HW"
style="background-color:#EF475F;border-radius:4px;color:#ffffff;display:inline-block;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;line-height:36px;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;width:134px;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Donate Here</a>
<!--[if mso]></center></v:roundrect><![endif]-->
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
<!--[if !mso]><!-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--<![endif]-->
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
<!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="600" align="center" style="width:600px;"><tr><td style="line-height:0px;font-size:0px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"><![endif]-->
<div style="margin:0px auto;max-width:600px;">
<table style="font-size:0px;width:100%;" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="indented"
style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;direction:ltr;font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-top:24px;padding-bottom:24px;"><!--[if mso | IE]><table role="presentation" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;width:600px;"><![endif]-->
<div class="mj-column-per-100 outlook-group-fix"
style="vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;direction:ltr;font-size:13px;text-align:left;width:100%;">
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;padding-bottom:14px;"
align="left">
<div
style="cursor:auto;color:#80736B;font-family:-apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica,
sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;">
This email doesn’t track you when you open
it or click on any links. To learn more
read our <a
href="https://themarkup.org/privacy"
style="color: #EA4862;" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">Privacy Policy</a>.
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;"
align="left">
<div
style="cursor:auto;color:#80736B;font-family:-apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica,
sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;">
In order to unsubscribe, click <a
href="https://balboai.eomail4.com/unsubscribe?ep=2&l=89ee961b-dac6-11ec-9258-0241b9615763&lc=b660c43a-e11d-11ec-9258-0241b9615763&p=31468eaf-5167-11ed-afd1-0607cdff6e39&pt=campaign&pv=4&spa=1666440002&t=1666440127&s=aafa2ff584132c80508f6ff4cd69518829e105efeeba85de762553f805249fa1"
style="color: #EA4862;"
moz-do-not-send="true">here</a>.
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;"
align="left">
<div
style="cursor:auto;color:#80736B;font-family:-apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica,
sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;">
If you were forwarded this newsletter and
you like it, you can subscribe <a
href="https://themarkup.org/newsletter/hello-world"
style="color: #EA4862;" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">here</a>.
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td
style="word-break:break-word;font-size:0px;padding:0px;"
align="left">
<div
style="cursor:auto;color:#80736B;font-family:-apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Helvetica,
sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;">
The Markup - PO Box 1103, New York, New
York, 10159, United States of America
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!--[if mso | IE]></td></tr></table><![endif]-->
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>