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    IMHO, the problem may be that the Internet, and computing technology
    in general, is so new that non-technical organizations, such as
    government entities, don't understand it and therefore can't figure
    out whether or how to regulate anything involved.<br>
    <br>
    In other, older, "technologies", rules, procedures, and traditions
    have developed over the years to provide for feedback and control
    between governees and governors.  Roberts Rules of Order was created
    150 years ago, and is still widely used to manage public meetings. 
    I've been in local meetings where everyone gets a chance to speak,
    but are limited to a few minutes to say whatever's on their mind. 
    You have to appear in person, wait your turn, and make your
    comment.  Doing so is free, but still has the cost of time and
    hassle to get to the meeting.  <br>
    <br>
    Organizations have figured out over the years how to manage
    meetings.  [Vint - remember the "Rathole!" mechanism that we used to
    keep Internet meetings on track...?]<br>
    <br>
    From what David describes, it sounds like the current "public
    comment" mechanisms in the electronic arena are only at the stage
    where the loudest voices can drown out all others, and public
    debates are essentially useless cacophonies of the loudest
    proponents of the various viewpoints.   There are no rules.   Why
    should anyone submit their own sensible comments, knowing they'll be
    lost in the noise?<br>
    <br>
    In non-electronic public forums, such behavior is ruled out, and if
    it persists, the governing body can have offenders ejected, adjourn
    a meeting until cooler heads prevail, or otherwise make the
    discourse useful for informing decisions.   Courts can issue
    restraining orders, but has any court ever issued such an order
    applying to an electronic forum?<br>
    <br>
    So, why haven't organizations yet developed rules and mechanisms for
    managing electronic discussions....?<br>
    <br>
    I'd offer two observations and suggestions.<br>
    <br>
    -----<br>
    <br>
    First, a major reason for a lack of such rules and mechanisms may be
    an educational gap.  Administrators, politicians, and staffers may
    simply not understand all this newfangled technology, or how it
    works, and are drowning in a sea of terminology, acronyms, and
    concepts that make no sense (to them).   In the FCC case, even the
    technical gurus may have deep knowledge of their traditional realm
    of telephony, radio, and related issues and policy tradeoffs.   But
    they may be largely ignorant of computing and networking
    equivalents.   Probably even worse, they may unconsciously consider
    the new world as a simple evolution of the old, not recognizing the
    impact of incredibly fast computers and communications, and the
    advances that they enable, such as "AI" - whatever that is...<br>
    <br>
    About 10 years ago, I accidentally got involved in a patent dispute
    to be an "expert witness", for a patent involving downloading new
    programs over a communications path into a remote computer (yes,
    what all our devices do almost every day).   I was astounded when I
    learned how little the "judicial system" (lawyers, judges,
    legislators, etc.) knew about computer and network technology.  
    That didn't stop them from debating the meaning of technical terms. 
    What is RAM?  How does "programming" differ from "reprogramming"? 
    What is "memory"?  What is a "processor"?   What is an "operating
    system"?   The arguments continue until eventually a judge declares
    what the answer is, with little technical knowledge or expertise to
    help.   So you can easily get legally binding definitions such as
    "operating system" means "Windows", and that all computers contain
    an operating system.<br>
    <br>
    I spent hours on the phone over about 18 months, explaining to the
    lawyers how computers and networks actually worked.   In turn, they
    taught me quite a lot about the vagaries of the laws and patents. 
    It was fascinating but also disturbing to see how ill-prepared the
    legal system was for new technologies.<br>
    <br>
    So, my suggestion is that a focus be placed on helping the
    non-technical decision makers understand the nuances of computing
    and the Internet.  I don't think that will be successful by burying
    them in the sea of technical jargon and acronyms.<br>
    <br>
    Before I retired, I spent a lot of time with C-suite denizens from
    companies outside of the technology industry - banks, manufacturers,
    transportation, etc. - helping them understand what "The Internet"
    was, and help them see it as both a huge opportunity and a huge
    threat to their businesses.  One technique I used was simply stolen
    from the early days of The Internet.<br>
    <br>
    When we were involved in designing the internal mechanisms of the
    Internet, in particular TCPV4, we didn't know much about networks
    either.  So we used analogies.  In particular we used the existing
    transportation infrastructure as a model.   Moving bits around the
    world isn't all that different from moving goods and people.   But
    everyone, even with no technical expertise, knows about
    transportation.<br>
    <br>
    It turns out that there are a lot of useful analogies.  For example,
    we recognized that there were different kinds of "traffic" with
    different needs.  Coal for power plants was important, but not
    urgent.  If a coal train waits on a siding while a passenger train
    passes, it's OK, even preferred.   There could be different "types
    of service" available from the transportation infrastructure.   At
    the time (late 1970s) we didn't know exactly how to do that, but
    decided to put a field in the IP header as a placeholder - the "TOS"
    field.  Figuring out what different TOSes there should be, and how
    they would be handled differently, was still on the to-do list.  
    There are even analogies to the Internet - goods might travel over a
    "marine network" to a "port", where they are moved onto a "rail
    network", to a distributor, and moved on the highway network to
    their final destination.  Routers, gateways, ...<br>
    <br>
    Other transportation analogies reinforced the notion of TOS.  E.g.,
    if you're sending a document somewhere, you can choose how to send
    it - normal postal mail, or Priority Mail, or even use a different
    "network" such as an overnight delivery service.  Different TOS
    would engage different behaviors of the underlying communications
    system, and might also have different costs to use them.  Sending a
    ton of coal to get delivered in a week or two would cost a lot less
    than sending a ton of documents for overnight delivery.<br>
    <br>
    There were other transportation analogies heard during the TCPV4
    design discussions - e.g., "Expressway Routing" (do you take a
    direct route over local streets, or go to the freeway even though
    it's longer) and "Multi-Homing" (your manufacturing plant has access
    to both a highway and a rail line).<br>
    <br>
    Suggestion -- I suspect that using a familiar infrastructure such as
    transport to discuss issues with non-technical decision makers would
    be helpful.  E.g., imagine what would happen if some particular "net
    neutrality" set of rules was placed on the transportation
    infrastructure?   Would it have a desirable effect?<br>
    <br>
    -----<br>
    <br>
    Second, in addition to anonymity as an important issue in the
    electronic world, my experience as a mentee of Licklider surfaced
    another important issue in the "galactic network" vision -- "Back
    Pressure".     The notion is based in existing knowledge.  
    Economics has notions of Supply and Demand and Cost Curves.  
    Engineering has the notion of "Negative Feedback" to stabilize
    mechanical, electrical, or other systems.<br>
    <br>
    We discussed Back Pressure, in the mid 70s, in the context of
    electronic mail, and tried to get the notion of "stamps" accepted as
    part of the email mechanisms.  The basic idea was that there had to
    be some form of "back pressure" to prevent overload by discouraging
    sending of huge quantities of mail.  <br>
    <br>
    At the time, mail traffic was light, since every message was typed
    by hand by some user.  In Lick's group we had experimented with
    using email as a way for computer programs to interact.  In Lick's
    vision, humans would interact by using their computers as their
    agents.   Even then, computers could send email a lot faster and
    continuously than any human at a keyboard, and could easily flood
    the network.  [This epiphany occurred shortly after a mistake in
    configuring distribution lists caused so many messages and replies
    that our machine crashed as its disk space ran out.]<br>
    <br>
    "Stamps" didn't necessarily represent monetary cost.  Back pressure
    could be simple constraints, e.g., no user can send more than 500
    (or whatever) messages per day.   This notion never got enough
    support to become part of the email standards; I still think it
    would help with the deluge of spam we all experience today.<br>
    <br>
    Back Pressure in the Internet today is largely non-existent.  I (or
    my AI and computers) can send as much email as I like.  
    Communications carriers promote "unlimited data" but won't guarantee
    anything.   Memory has become cheap, and as a result behaviors such
    as "buffer bloat" have appeared.<br>
    <br>
    Suggestion - educate the decision-makers about Back Pressure, using
    highway analogies (metering lights, etc.)<br>
    <br>
    -----<br>
    <br>
    Education about the new technology, but by using some familiar
    analogs, and introduction of Back Pressure, in some appropriate
    form, as part of a "network neutrality" policy, would be the two
    foci I'd recommend.<br>
    <br>
    My prior suggestion of "registration" and accepting only the last
    comment was based on the observations above.  Back pressure doesn't
    have to be monetary, and registered users don't have to be
    personally identified.   Simply making it sufficiently "hard" to
    register (using CAPTCHAs, 2FA, whatever) would be a "cost"
    discouraging "loud voices".   Even the law firms submitting millions
    of comments on behalf of their clients might balk at the cost (in
    labor not money) to register their million clients, even
    anonymously, so each could get his/her comment submitted.   Of
    course, they could always pass the costs on to their (million?
    really?) clients.  But it would still be Back Pressure.   <br>
    <br>
    One possibility -- make the "cost" of submitting a million
    electronic comments equal to the cost of submitting a million
    postcards...?<br>
    <br>
    Jack Haverty<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 10/9/23 16:55, David Bray, PhD
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CA+aeVP_K6dj0bSOUap8WBGvKx-6nhO6y8QghjxoYMcfWGwajRw@mail.gmail.com">
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div>Great points Vint as you're absolutely right - there are
          multiple modalities here (and in the past it was spam from
          thousands of postcards, then mimeographs, then faxes, etc.) <br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>The standard historically has been set by the
          Administrative Conference of the United States: <a
            href="https://www.acus.gov/about-acus"
            moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.acus.gov/about-acus</a></div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>In 2020 there seemed to be an effort to gave the General
          Services Administration weigh-in, however they closed that
          rulemaking attempt without publishing any of the comments they
          got and no announcement why it was closed. <br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>As for what part of Congress - I believe ACUS was
          championed by both the Senate and House Judiciary Committees
          as it has oversight and responsibility for the interpretations
          of the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 (which sets out
          the whole rulemaking procedure). <br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>Sadly there isn't a standard across agencies - which also
          means there isn't a standard across Administrations. Back in
          2018 and 2020, both with this group of 52 people here <a
            href="https://tinyurl.com/letter-signed-52-people"
            moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://tinyurl.com/letter-signed-52-people</a>
          - as well as individually - I did my darnest to encourage them
          to do a standard. <br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div>There's also the National Academy of Public Administration
          which is probably the latest remaining non-partisan forum for
          discussions like this too. <br>
        </div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <div class="gmail_quote">
        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Oct 9, 2023 at 7:46 PM
          Vint Cerf <<a href="mailto:vint@google.com"
            moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">vint@google.com</a>>
          wrote:<br>
        </div>
        <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
          <div dir="ltr">David, this is a good list.
            <div>FACA has rules for public participation, for example.</div>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>I think it should be taken into account for any public
              commenting process that online (and offline such as USPS
              or fax and phone calls) that spam and artificial inflation
              of comments are possible. Is there any specific standard
              for US agency public comment handling? If now, what
              committees of the US Congress might have jurisdiction?</div>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div>v</div>
            <div><br>
            </div>
          </div>
          <br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">
            <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Oct 10, 2023 at
              8:22 AM David Bray, PhD via Nnagain <<a
                href="mailto:nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                class="moz-txt-link-freetext">nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
              wrote:<br>
            </div>
            <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
              <div dir="ltr">
                <div>I'm all for doing new things to make things better.
                  <br>
                </div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>At the same time, I used to do bioterrorism
                  preparedness and response from 2000-2005 (and aside
                  from asking myself what kind of crazy world needed
                  counter-bioterrorism efforts... I also realized you
                  don't want to interject something completely new in
                  the middle of an unfolding crisis event). If something
                  were to be injected now, it would have to have
                  consensus from both sides, otherwise at least one side
                  (potentially detractors from both) will claim that
                  whatever form the new approaches take are somehow
                  advantaging "the other side" and disadvantaging them.</div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>Probably would take a ruling by the Administrative
                  Conference of the United States, at a minimum to
                  answer these five questions - and even then,
                  introducing something completely different in the
                  midst of a political melee might just invite
                  mudslinging unless moderate voices on both sides can
                  reach some consensus. <br>
                </div>
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p style="margin-left:40px"><b>1. Does identity matter
                      regarding who files a comment or not — and must
                      one be a U.S. person in order to file?</b></p>
                  <p style="margin-left:40px"><b>2. Should agencies
                      publish real-time counts of the number of comments
                      received — or is it better to wait until the end
                      of a commenting round to make all comments
                      available, including counts?</b></p>
                  <p style="margin-left:40px"><b>3. Should third-party
                      groups be able to file on behalf of someone else
                      or not — and do agencies have the right to remove
                      spam-like comments?</b></p>
                  <p style="margin-left:40px"><b>4. Should the public
                      commenting process permit multiple comments per
                      individual for a proceeding — and if so, how many
                      comments from a single individual are too many?
                      100? 1000? More?</b></p>
                  <p style="margin-left:40px"><b>5. Finally, should the
                      U.S. government itself consider, given public
                      perceptions about potential conflicts of interest
                      for any agency performing a public commenting
                      process, whether it would be better to have
                      third-party groups take responsibility for
                      assembling comments and then filing those comments
                      via a validated process with the government?</b></p>
                </div>
                <div> <br>
                </div>
              </div>
              <br>
              <div class="gmail_quote">
                <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Oct 7, 2023 at
                  4:10 PM Jack Haverty <<a
                    href="mailto:jack@3kitty.org" target="_blank"
                    moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">jack@3kitty.org</a>>
                  wrote:<br>
                </div>
                <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                  <div> Hi again David et al,<br>
                    <br>
                    Interesting frenzy...lots of questions that need
                    answers and associated policies.   I served 6 years
                    as an elected official (in a small special district
                    in California), so I have some small understanding
                    of the government side of things and the constraints
                    involved.   Being in charge doesn't mean you can do
                    what you want.<br>
                    <br>
                    I'm thinking here more near-term and incremental
                    steps.  You said "These same questions need
                    pragmatic pilots that involve the public ..."<br>
                    <br>
                    So, how about using the current NN situation for a
                    pilot?  Keep all the current ways and emerging AI
                    techniques to continue to flood the system with
                    comments.   But also offer an *optional* way for
                    humans to "register" as a commenter and then submit
                    their (latest only) comment into the melee.  Will
                    people use it?  Will "consumers" (the lawyers,
                    commissioners, etc.) find it useful?<br>
                    <br>
                    I've found it curious, for decades now, that there
                    are (too many) mechanisms for "secure email", that
                    may help with the flood of disinformation from
                    anonymous senders, but very very few people use
                    them.   Maybe they don't know how; maybe the
                    available schemes are too flawed; maybe ...?<br>
                    <br>
                    About 30 years ago, I was a speaker in a public
                    meeting orchestrated by USPS, and recommended that
                    they take a lead role, e.g., by acting as a national
                    CA - certificate authority.  Never happened
                    though.   FCC issues lots of licenses...perhaps they
                    could issue online credentials too?<br>
                    <br>
                    Perhaps a "pilot" where you will also accept
                    comments by email, some possibly sent by "verified"
                    humans if they understand how to do so, would be
                    worth trying?   Perhaps comments on "technical
                    aspects" coming from people who demonstrably know
                    how to use technology would be valuable to the
                    policy makers?<br>
                    <br>
                    The Internet, and technology such as TCP, began as
                    an experimental pilot about 50 years ago.  Sometimes
                    pilots become infrastructures.<br>
                    <br>
                    FYI, I'm signing this message.  Using OpenPGP.  I
                    could encrypt it also, but my email program can't
                    find your public key.<br>
                    <br>
                    Jack Haverty<br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                    <div>On 10/5/23 14:21, David Bray, PhD wrote:<br>
                    </div>
                    <blockquote type="cite">
                      <div dir="ltr">
                        <div>Indeed Jack - a few things to balance - the
                          Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 (on which
                          the idea of rulemaking is based) us about
                          raising legal concerns that must be answered
                          by the agency at the time the rulemaking is
                          done. It's not a vote nor is it the case that
                          if the agency gets tons of comments in one
                          direction that they have to go in that
                          direction. Instead it's only about making sure
                          legal concerns are considered and responded to
                          before the agency before the agency acts.
                          (Which is partly why sending "I'm for XYZ" or
                          "I'm against ABC" really doesn't mean anything
                          to an agency - not only is that not a legal
                          argument or concern, it's also not something
                          where they're obligated to follow these
                          comments - it's not a vote or poll). <br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>That said, political folks have spun things
                          to the public as if it is a poll/vote/chance
                          to act. The raise a valid legal concern part
                          of the APA of 1946 is omitted. Moreover the
                          fact that third party law firms and others
                          like to submit comments on behalf of clients -
                          there will always be a third party submitting
                          multiple comments for their clients (or
                          "clients") because that's their business. <br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>In the lead up to 2017, the Consumer and
                          Government Affairs Bureau of the FCC got an
                          inquiry from a firm asking how they could
                          submit 1 million comments a day on an
                          "upcoming privacy proceeding" (their words,
                          astute observers will note there was no
                          privacy proceeding before the FCC in 2017).
                          When the Bureau asked me, I told them either
                          mail us a CD to upload it or submit one
                          comment with 1 million signatures. To attempt
                          to flood us with 1 million comments a day
                          (aside from the fact who can "predict" having
                          that many daily) would deny resources to
                          others. In the mess that followed, what was
                          released to the public was so redacted you
                          couldn't see the legitimate concerns and
                          better paths that were offered to this entity.
                          <br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>And the FCC isn't alone. EPA, FTC, and
                          other regulatory agencies have had these
                          hijinks for years - and before the Internet it
                          was faxes, mass mimeographs (remember blue
                          ink?), and postcards.The Administrative
                          Conference of the United States (ACUS) - is
                          the body that is supposed to provide
                          consistent guidance for things like this
                          across the U.S. government. I've briefed them
                          and tried to raise awareness of these issues -
                          as I think fundamentally this is a **process**
                          question that once answered, tech can support.
                          However they're not technologies and updating
                          the interpretation of the process isn't
                          something lawyers are apt to do until the
                          evidence that things are in trouble is
                          overwhelming. <br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>52 folks wrote a letter to them - and to
                          GSA - back in 2020. GSA had a rulemaking of
                          its own on how to improve things, yet oddly
                          never published any of the comments it
                          received (including ours) and closed the
                          rulemaking quietly. Here's the letter: <a
href="https://tinyurl.com/letter-signed-52-people" target="_blank"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://tinyurl.com/letter-signed-52-people</a></div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>And here's an article published in OODAloop
                          about this - and why Generative AI is probably
                          going to make things even more challenging: <a
href="https://www.oodaloop.com/archive/2023/04/18/why-a-pause-on-ai-development-is-not-the-answer-an-insiders-perspective/"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.oodaloop.com/archive/2023/04/18/why-a-pause-on-ai-development-is-not-the-answer-an-insiders-perspective/</a></div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>[snippet of the article] <strong>Now in
                            2023 and Beyond: Proactive Approaches to AI
                            and Society</strong></div>
                        <div>
                          <p>Looking to the future, to effectively
                            address the challenges arising from AI, <a
href="https://davidbray.medium.com/challenges-and-needed-new-solutions-for-open-societies-to-maintain-civil-discourse-part-1-b5ea95f8c679"
                              target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">we
                              must foster a proactive, results-oriented,
                              and cooperative approach with the public</a>.
                            Think tanks and universities can engage the
                            public in conversations about how to work,
                            live, govern, and co-exist with modern
                            technologies that impact society. By
                            involving diverse voices in the
                            decision-making process, we can better
                            address and resolve the complex challenges
                            AI presents on local and national levels.</p>
                          <p>In addition, we must encourage industry and
                            political leaders to participate in finding
                            non-partisan, multi-sector solutions if
                            civil societies are to remain stable. By
                            working together, we can bridge the gap
                            between technological advancements and their
                            societal implications. </p>
                          <p>Finally, launching AI pilots across various
                            sectors, such as work, education, health,
                            law, and civil society, is essential. We
                            must learn by doing on how we can create
                            responsible civil environments where AIs can
                            be developed and deployed responsibly. These
                            initiatives can help us better understand
                            and integrate AI into our lives, ensuring
                            its potential is harnessed for the greater
                            good while mitigating risks. </p>
                          <p>In 2019 and 2020, a group of <a
href="https://tinyurl.com/letter-signed-52-people" target="_blank"
                              moz-do-not-send="true">fifty-two people
                              asked the Administrative Conference of the
                              United States </a>(which helps guide
                            rulemaking procedures for federal agencies),
                            General Accounting Office, and the General
                            Services Administration to call attention to
                            the need to address the challenges of
                            chatbots flooding public commenting
                            procedures and potentially crowding out or
                            denying services to actual humans wanting to
                            leave a comment. <a
href="https://davidbray.medium.com/challenges-and-needed-new-solutions-for-open-societies-to-maintain-civil-discourse-part-1-b5ea95f8c679"
                              target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">We
                              asked</a>: </p>
                          <p style="margin-left:40px"><b>1. Does
                              identity matter regarding who files a
                              comment or not — and must one be a U.S.
                              person in order to file?</b></p>
                          <p style="margin-left:40px"><b>2. Should
                              agencies publish real-time counts of the
                              number of comments received — or is it
                              better to wait until the end of a
                              commenting round to make all comments
                              available, including counts?</b></p>
                          <p style="margin-left:40px"><b>3. Should
                              third-party groups be able to file on
                              behalf of someone else or not — and do
                              agencies have the right to remove
                              spam-like comments?</b></p>
                          <p style="margin-left:40px"><b>4. Should the
                              public commenting process permit multiple
                              comments per individual for a proceeding —
                              and if so, how many comments from a single
                              individual are too many? 100? 1000? More?</b></p>
                          <p style="margin-left:40px"><b>5. Finally,
                              should the U.S. government itself
                              consider, given public perceptions about
                              potential conflicts of interest for any
                              agency performing a public commenting
                              process, whether it would be better to
                              have third-party groups take
                              responsibility for assembling comments and
                              then filing those comments via a validated
                              process with the government?</b></p>
                          <p>These same questions need pragmatic pilots
                            that involve the public to <a
href="https://davidbray.medium.com/challenges-and-needed-new-solutions-for-open-societies-to-maintain-civil-discourse-part-2-2f637c472112"
                              target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">co-explore
                              and co-develop how we operate effectively
                              amid these technological shifts</a>. As
                            the capabilities of LLMs continue to grow,
                            we need positive change agents willing to
                            tackle the messy issues at the intersection
                            of technology and society. The challenges
                            are immense, but so too are the
                            opportunities for positive change. Let’s
                            seize this moment to create a better
                            tomorrow for all. Working together, <a
href="https://medium.com/peoplecentered/the-need-for-people-centered-sources-of-hope-for-our-digital-future-ahead-ef491dd2703d"
                              target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">we
                              can co-create a future that embraces AI’s
                              potential while mitigating its risks</a>,
                            informed by the hard lessons we have already
                            learned. <br>
                          </p>
                          <p>Full article: <a
href="https://www.oodaloop.com/archive/2023/04/18/why-a-pause-on-ai-development-is-not-the-answer-an-insiders-perspective/"
                              target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                              class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.oodaloop.com/archive/2023/04/18/why-a-pause-on-ai-development-is-not-the-answer-an-insiders-perspective/</a></p>
                          <p>Hope this helps.</p>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                      <br>
                      <div class="gmail_quote">
                        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Oct 5,
                          2023 at 4:44 PM Jack Haverty via Nnagain <<a
                            href="mailto:nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext">nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                          wrote:<br>
                        </div>
                        <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                          <div> Thanks for all your efforts to keep the
                            "feedback loop" to the rulemakers
                            functioning!   <br>
                            <br>
                            I'd like to offer a suggestion for a
                            hopefully politically acceptable way to
                            handle the deluge, derived from my own
                            battles with "email" over the years
                            (decades).<br>
                            <br>
                            Back in the 1970s, I implemented one of the
                            first email systems on the Arpanet, under
                            the mentorship of JCR Licklider, who had
                            been pursuing his vision of a "Galactic
                            Network" at ARPA and MIT.   One of the
                            things we discovered was the significance of
                            anonymity.   At the time, anonymity was
                            forbidden on the Arpanet; you needed an
                            account on some computer, protected by
                            passwords, in order to legitimately use the
                            network.   The mechanisms were crude and
                            easily broken, but the principle applied.<br>
                            <br>
                            Over the years, that principle has been
                            forgotten, and the right to be anonymous has
                            become entrenched.   But many uses of the
                            network, and needs of its users, demand
                            accountability, so all sorts of mechanisms
                            have been pasted on top of the network to
                            provide ways to judge user identity.  Banks,
                            medical services, governments, and
                            businesses all demand some way of proving
                            your identity, with passwords, various
                            schemes of 2FA, VPNs, or other such
                            technology, with varying degrees of
                            protection.   It is still possible to be
                            anonymous on the net, but many things you do
                            require you to prove, to some extent, who
                            you are.<br>
                            <br>
                            So, my suggestion for handling the deluge of
                            "comments" is:<br>
                            <br>
                            1/ create some mechanism for "registering"
                            your intent to submit a comment.   Make it
                            hard for bots to register.  Perhaps you can
                            leverage the work of various partners, e.g.,
                            ISPs, retailers, government agencies,
                            financial institutions, of others who
                            already have some way of identifying their
                            users.<br>
                            <br>
                            2/ Also make registration optional - anyone
                            can still submit comments anonymously if
                            they choose.<br>
                            <br>
                            3/ for "registered commenters", provide a
                            way to "edit" your previous comment - i.e.,
                            advise that your comment is always the last
                            one you submitted.   I.E., whoever you are,
                            you can only submit one comment, which will
                            be the last one you submit.<br>
                            <br>
                            4/ In the thousands of pages of comments,
                            somehow flag the ones that are from
                            registered commenters, visible to the people
                            who read the comments.   Even better,
                            provide those "information consumers" with
                            ways to sort, filter, and search through the
                            body of comments.<br>
                            <br>
                            This may not reduce the deluge of comments,
                            but I'd expect it to help the lawyers and
                            politicians keep their heads above the
                            water.<br>
                            <br>
                            Anonymity is an important issue for Net
                            Neutrality too, but I'll opine about that
                            separately.....<br>
                            <br>
                            Jack Haverty<br>
                            <br>
                            <br>
                            <div>On 10/2/23 12:38, David Bray, PhD via
                              Nnagain wrote:<br>
                            </div>
                            <blockquote type="cite">
                              <div dir="ltr">
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>Greetings all and thank you
                                        Dave Taht for that very kind
                                        intro... <br>
                                        <br>
                                      </div>
                                      First, I'll open with I'm a
                                      gosh-darn non-partisan, which
                                      means I swore an oath to uphold
                                      the Constitution first and serve
                                      the United States - not a specific
                                      party, tribe, or ideology. This
                                      often means, especially in today's
                                      era of 24/7 news and social media,
                                      non-partisans have to "top cover".
                                      <br>
                                      <br>
                                    </div>
                                    Second, I'll share that in what
                                    happened in 2017 (which itself was
                                    10x what we saw in 2014) my biggest
                                    concern was and remains that a few
                                    actors attempted to flood the system
                                    with less-than-authentic comments. <br>
                                    <br>
                                  </div>
                                  In some respects this is not new. The
                                  whole "notice and comment" process is
                                  a legacy process that goes back
                                  decades. And the FCC (and others) have
                                  had postcard floods of comments,
                                  mimeographed letters of comments,
                                  faxed floods of comments, and now this
                                  - which, when combined with generative
                                  AI, will be yet another flood.  <br>
                                  <br>
                                </div>
                                Which gets me to my biggest concern as a
                                non-partisan in 2023-2024, namely how
                                LLMs might misuse and abuse the
                                commenting process further. <br>
                                <br>
                                Both in 2014 and 2017, I asked FCC
                                General Counsel if I could use CAPTChA
                                to try to reduce the volume of web
                                scrapers or bots both filing and pulling
                                info from the Electronic Comment Filing
                                System. 
                                <div dir="auto"><br>
                                </div>
                                <div dir="auto">Both times I was told
                                  *no* out of concerns that they might
                                  prevent someone from filing. I asked
                                  if I could block obvious spam, defined
                                  as someone filing a comment >100
                                  times a minute, and was similarly told
                                  no because one of those possible
                                  comments might be genuine and/or it
                                  could be an ex party filing en masse
                                  for others. 
                                  <div dir="auto"><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div dir="auto">For 2017 we had to
                                    spin up 30x the number of AWS cloud
                                    instances to handle the load - and
                                    this was a flood of comments at 4am,
                                    5am, and 6am ET at night which
                                    normally shouldn’t see such volumes.
                                    When I said there was a combination
                                    of actual humans wanting to leave
                                    comments and others who were
                                    effectively denying service to
                                    others (especially because if anyone
                                    wanted to do a batch upload of
                                    100,000 comments or more they could
                                    submit a CSV file or a comment with
                                    100,000 signatories) - both parties
                                    said no, that couldn’t be
                                    happening. </div>
                                  <div dir="auto"><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div dir="auto">Until 2021 when the NY
                                    Attorney General proved that was
                                    exactly what was happening with 18m
                                    of the 23m apparently from
                                    non-authentic origin with ~9m from
                                    one side of the political aisle (and
                                    six companies) and ~9m from the
                                    other side of the political aisle
                                    (and one or more teenagers). </div>
                                  <div dir="auto"><br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div dir="auto">So with Net Neutrality
                                    back on the agenda - here’s a simple
                                    <span>prediction</span>, even if the
                                    volume of comments is somehow
                                    controlled, 10,000+ pages of
                                    comments produced by ChatGPT or a
                                    different LLM is both possible and
                                    probably will be done. The question
                                    is if someone includes a legitimate
                                    legal argument on page 6,517 - will
                                    FCC’s lawyers spot it and respond to
                                    it as part of the NPRM? <br>
                                    <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>Hope this helps and with highest
                                    regards, <br>
                                    <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>-d. <br>
                                    <span class="gmail_signature_prefix">--
                                    </span><br>
                                    <div dir="ltr"
                                      class="gmail_signature">
                                      <div dir="ltr">
                                        <div dir="ltr">
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black"><span></span></span></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div dir="ltr">
                                              <div dir="ltr">
                                                <div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black"><span></span></span></p>
                                                </div>
                                                <span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black">Principal,
                                                  <a
href="https://www.leaddoadapt.com/" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span>LeadDoAdapt</span> <span>Ventures</span>,
                                                    Inc.</a> &
                                                  Distinguished Fellow <br>
                                                </span></div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black"><a
href="https://www.stimson.org/ppl/david-bray/" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">Henry S. Stimson Center</a>, <a
href="https://bens.org/people/dr-david-bray/" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">Business Executives for National Security</a><br>
                                                    </span></p>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:black"><br>
                                                    </span></p>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <br>
                              <div class="gmail_quote">
                                <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On
                                  Mon, Oct 2, 2023 at 2:15 PM Dave Taht
                                  via Nnagain <<a
href="mailto:nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net" target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                                  wrote:<br>
                                </div>
                                <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">All:<br>
                                  <br>
                                  I have spent the last several days
                                  reaching out to as many people I<br>
                                  know with a deep understanding of the
                                  policy and technical issues<br>
                                  surrounding the internet, to
                                  participate on this list. I encourage
                                  you<br>
                                  all to reach out on your own,
                                  especially to those that you can<br>
                                  constructively and civilly disagree
                                  with, and hopefully work with, to<br>
                                  establish technical steps forward.
                                  Quite a few have joined silently!<br>
                                  So far, 168 people have joined!<br>
                                  <br>
                                  Please welcome Dr David Bray[1], a
                                  self-described "human flack jacket"<br>
                                  who, in the last NN debate, stood up
                                  for the non -partisan FCC IT team<br>
                                  that successfully kept the system up
                                  99.4% of the time despite the<br>
                                  comment floods and network abuses from
                                  all sides. He has shared with<br>
                                  me privately many sad (and some
                                  hilarious!) stories of that era, and I<br>
                                  do kind of hope now, that some of that
                                  history surfaces, and we can<br>
                                  learn from it.<br>
                                  <br>
                                  Thank you very much, David, for
                                  putting down your painful memories[2],<br>
                                  and agreeing to join here. There is a
                                  lot to tackle here, going<br>
                                  forward.<br>
                                  <br>
                                  [1] <a
href="https://www.stimson.org/ppl/david-bray/" rel="noreferrer"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.stimson.org/ppl/david-bray/</a><br>
                                  [2] "Pain shared is reduced. Joy
                                  shared, increased." - Spider Robinson<br>
                                  <br>
                                  <br>
                                  -- <br>
                                  Oct 30: <a
href="https://netdevconf.info/0x17/news/the-maestro-and-the-music-bof.html"
                                    rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://netdevconf.info/0x17/news/the-maestro-and-the-music-bof.html</a><br>
                                  Dave Täht CSO, LibreQos<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
                                  Nnagain mailing list<br>
                                  <a
href="mailto:Nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net" target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">Nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br>
                                  <a
href="https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/nnagain" rel="noreferrer"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/nnagain</a><br>
                                </blockquote>
                              </div>
                              <br>
                              <fieldset></fieldset>
                              <pre>_______________________________________________
Nnagain mailing list
<a href="mailto:Nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net" target="_blank"
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              class="moz-txt-link-freetext">Nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>
<a href="https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/nnagain" target="_blank"
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/nnagain</a>
</pre>
                            </blockquote>
                            <br>
                          </div>
_______________________________________________<br>
                          Nnagain mailing list<br>
                          <a href="mailto:Nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext">Nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br>
                          <a
href="https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/nnagain" rel="noreferrer"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                            class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/nnagain</a><br>
                        </blockquote>
                      </div>
                    </blockquote>
                    <br>
                  </div>
                </blockquote>
              </div>
              _______________________________________________<br>
              Nnagain mailing list<br>
              <a href="mailto:Nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                class="moz-txt-link-freetext">Nnagain@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br>
              <a href="https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/nnagain"
                rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/nnagain</a><br>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
          <br clear="all">
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <span class="gmail_signature_prefix">-- </span><br>
          <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">
            <div dir="ltr">
              <div>Please send any postal/overnight deliveries to:</div>
              <div>
                <div>Vint Cerf</div>
                <div>Google, LLC</div>
                <div>1900 Reston Metro Plaza, 16th Floor</div>
                <div>Reston, VA 20190</div>
                <div>+1 (571) 213 1346<br>
                </div>
                <div><br style="color:rgb(34,34,34)">
                </div>
              </div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div>until further notice</div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div><br>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </blockquote>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
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