<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 11 (filtered medium)">
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PlaceName"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="PlaceType"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="country-region"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
name="place"/>
<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
st1\:*{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) }
</style>
<![endif]-->
<style>
<!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Wingdings;
panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"MS Mincho";
panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@MS Mincho";
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
h3
{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:13.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
font-weight:bold;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
span.EmailStyle17
{mso-style-type:personal-compose;
font-family:Arial;
color:windowtext;}
p.innovator--gridsubtitle--qgwyp, li.innovator--gridsubtitle--qgwyp, div.innovator--gridsubtitle--qgwyp
{mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
@page Section1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
/* List Definitions */
@list l0
{mso-list-id:1576815809;
mso-list-template-ids:-1454312026;}
@list l0:level1
{mso-level-number-format:bullet;
mso-level-text:\F0B7;
mso-level-tab-stop:.5in;
mso-level-number-position:left;
text-indent:-.25in;
mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Symbol;}
ol
{margin-bottom:0in;}
ul
{margin-bottom:0in;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple>
<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>From MIT’s Tech Review: I am guessing Elon has read
this article already! :^))))<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='border:none;padding:0in'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=innovator--gridsubtitle--qgwyp><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Her tiny satellites could bring connectivity to the
remotest places on Earth.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Sara
Spangelo didn’t quite make it as an astronaut. But four years after an
unsuccessful tryout with <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>’s
space agency, she’s achieved her own space milestone: unveiling the
world’s lowest-cost always-available satellite communications network.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Spangelo,
who holds a PhD in aerospace engineering from the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Michigan</st1:PlaceName></st1:place>,
is CEO of <a href="https://swarm.space/">Swarm Technologies</a>, which seeks to
provide affordable data services for devices anywhere on Earth. Today, nearly
90% of the planet’s surface, including oceans, deserts, and polar
regions, lacks internet access. Connecting via satellite has long been
cost-prohibitive, because satellite networks typically cost billions of dollars
to deploy and maintain.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The key
to lowering costs was to bring down size: Swarm’s satellites, roughly the
size of a slice of French toast, are the smallest two-way communication devices
in orbit today. Because they’re so compact, they can hitch rides on
commercial rockets for bargain prices: total launch costs for Swarm’s
full constellation of 150 satellites, which the company will finish placing in
low Earth orbit by the end of 2021, will run less than $3 million. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Swarm’s
data connection, which uses the VHF radio spectrum, won’t enable
seafarers to stream Netflix: its current transfer rate of 1 kilobit per second
is similar to 1990s dial-up. Swarm’s niche, rather, is giving customers
the ability to transmit small yet highly useful packets of information from the
world’s most far-flung places. This enables them to remotely monitor
water supplies, detect leaks in pipelines, measure soil contents, track
wildlife, or guarantee the temperature of vaccines in cold-chain transport. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<footer class="innovatorFooter__wrapper--1YVj8">
<h3><b><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>by <a
href="https://www.technologyreview.com/author/jonathan-w-rosen/">Jonathan W.
Rosen</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h3>
<ul type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='color:blue;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><font size=3 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;color:windowtext'><a
href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2Finnovator%2Fsara-spangelo%2F"
target="_blank" data-event-category=share-button-facebook
data-event-action=click
data-event-label="https://www.technologyreview.com/innovator/sara-spangelo/"><span
class=socialitemscreenreaderlabel--12ojt>facebooklink opens in a new
window</span><o:p></o:p></a></span></font></li>
</ul>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><svg viewBox="0 0 12 20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></svg><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Symbol><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'></footer>·</span></font> <a
href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?text=Sara%20Spangelo&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2Finnovator%2Fsara-spangelo%2F"
target="_blank" data-event-category=share-button-twitter
data-event-action=click
data-event-label="https://www.technologyreview.com/innovator/sara-spangelo/"><span
class=socialitemscreenreaderlabel--12ojt>twitterlink opens in a new window</span><o:p></o:p></a></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><svg viewBox="0 0 23 20" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"></svg><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Symbol><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'>·</span></font> <a
href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2Finnovator%2Fsara-spangelo%2F&title=Sara%20Spangelo&summary=Sara%20Spangelo%20didn%E2%80%99t%20quite%20make%20it%20as%20an%20astronaut.%20But%20four%20years%20after%20an%20unsuccessful%20tryout%20with%20Canada%E2%80%99s%20space%20agency%2C%20she%E2%80%99s%20achieved%20her%20own%20space%20milestone%3A%20unveiling%20the%20world%E2%80%99s%20lowest-cost%20always-available%20satellite%20communications%20network.%20Spangelo%2C%20who%20holds%20a%20PhD%20in%20aerospace%20engineering%20from%20the%20University%20of%20Michigan%2C%20is%20CEO%20of%20Swarm%20Technologies%2C%20which%20seeks%20to%E2%80%A6"
target="_blank" data-event-category=share-button-linkedin
data-event-action=click
data-event-label="https://www.technologyreview.com/innovator/sara-spangelo/"><span
class=socialitemscreenreaderlabel--12ojt>linkedinlink opens in a new window</span><o:p></o:p></a></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></svg><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Symbol><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Symbol'>·</span></font> <a
href="mailto:?subject=Sara%20Spangelo&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.technologyreview.com%2Finnovator%2Fsara-spangelo%2F"
target="_blank" data-event-category=share-button-email data-event-action=click
data-event-label="https://www.technologyreview.com/innovator/sara-spangelo/"><span
class=socialitemscreenreaderlabel--12ojt>emaillink opens in a new window</span><o:p></o:p></a></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"></svg>June
30, 2021</span></font><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>