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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>The solar collectors should always be on the sun-side of the bird so effective at creating shade as well.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> Hesham ElBakoury <helbakoury@gmail.com> <br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, April 20, 2023 7:10 AM<br><b>To:</b> Daniel Schien <Daniel.Schien@bristol.ac.uk><br><b>Cc:</b> Vint Cerf <vint=40google.com@dmarc.ietf.org>; tom@evslin.com; Michael Richardson <mcr@sandelman.ca>; starlink <starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net>; e-impact@ietf.org<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [E-impact] [Starlink] DataCenters in Space (was Re: fiber IXPs in space)<o:p></o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>The article about the ASCEND project says:<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>"Very low ambient temperatures in space will dramatically reduce the need for cooling equipment that consumes enormous amounts of energy. A significant part of a data center’s energy use is for cooling equipment, accounting for more than 50% in some facilities. Temperatures can be as low as -292°F (-180°C) when an orbiting object is in the Earth’s shadow."<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hesham<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Wed, Apr 19, 2023, 10:44 PM Daniel Schien <<a href="mailto:Daniel.Schien@bristol.ac.uk">Daniel.Schien@bristol.ac.uk</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I assume any object in orbit will be hidden from the sun some of the time. So, the machines will require some pretty big battery to go up with them. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>I'd like to also know what the launch cost is. <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Tom Segert estimates in his LinkedIn post, for a<span style='font-size:13.5pt;color:black;background:white'> 100kg satellite payload:</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>"TL:DR ~57 ton CO2e for a typical ESA satellite (including Ariane 6 launch), <15t CO2e for a satellite built in a factory and launched with a re-usable rocket."<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Depending on the type of server that should go up there, this is a fair amount of carbon to offset from brighter sunlight.<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>The article also gets the carbon footprint wrong:<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>"<span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#191919;background:white'>Data centers are big energy consumers – between 2% and 3% of all global consumption – a rate that is doubling every year."</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#191919;background:white'>The latest was IEA estimating it to be around 220-320 TWh (out of 30,000) in 2021 data and growing between 10-60% over 6 years in total (so let's than 10 CAGR). But it's certainly not doubling every year. That's just completely wrong.</span><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div id="m_-5278516010422486526ms-outlook-mobile-signature"><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-spacing:0px'><tr><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><h3 style='margin:0in'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:black'>Daniel Schien<o:p></o:p></span></h3><p style='margin:0in;line-height:16.5pt'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;color:black'>Senior Lecturer in Computer Science<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin:0in;line-height:16.5pt'><span style='font-size:8.5pt;color:black'>Department of Computer Science | University of Bristol<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td width=30 style='width:22.5pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'></td><td width=30 style='width:22.5pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0><tr style='height:18.75pt'><td colspan=2 style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;height:18.75pt'><p style='margin:0in;line-height:16.5pt'><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'>Submit software engineering project ideas for 2022</span></b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='height:18.75pt'><td width=30 style='width:22.5pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;height:18.75pt'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td valign=bottom style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'></td></tr></table></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;height:18.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal>bris.ac.uk/software-engineering<br><span style='font-size:9.0pt'>Watch: </span><a href="https://youtu.be/lU-ZsBDFWDI" target="_blank"><span lang=FR style='font-size:9.0pt;background:white'>https://youtu.be/lU-ZsBDFWDI</span></a><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr style='height:18.75pt'><td width=30 style='width:22.5pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;height:18.75pt'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td valign=bottom style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'></td></tr></table></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;height:18.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:black'>Merchant Venturers Building , Woodland Rd Bristol, BS8 1UB</span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0 width=683 style='width:512.25pt'><tr><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td width=30 style='width:22.5pt;padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Book a meeting</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>: </span><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="https://outlook.office365.com/owa/calendar/OfficeHours@bristol.ac.uk/bookings/" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:9.0pt'>https://outlook.office365.com/owa/calendar/OfficeHours@bristol.ac.uk/booki</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="98%" align=center></div><div id="m_-5278516010422486526divRplyFwdMsg"><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='color:black'> E-impact <<a href="mailto:e-impact-bounces@ietf.org" target="_blank">e-impact-bounces@ietf.org</a>> on behalf of Vint Cerf <vint=<a href="mailto:40google.com@dmarc.ietf.org" target="_blank">40google.com@dmarc.ietf.org</a>><br><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, April 20, 2023 2:16:38 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:tom@evslin.com" target="_blank">tom@evslin.com</a> <<a href="mailto:tom@evslin.com" target="_blank">tom@evslin.com</a>><br><b>Cc:</b> Michael Richardson <<a href="mailto:mcr@sandelman.ca" target="_blank">mcr@sandelman.ca</a>>; starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" target="_blank">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>; <a href="mailto:e-impact@ietf.org" target="_blank">e-impact@ietf.org</a> <<a href="mailto:e-impact@ietf.org" target="_blank">e-impact@ietf.org</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [E-impact] [Starlink] DataCenters in Space (was Re: fiber IXPs in space)</span> <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>O&M will be a bear <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>v<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Wed, Apr 19, 2023 at 9:13 PM Tom Evslin via Starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" target="_blank">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'><p class=MsoNormal>I think space-based data centers will be the rule rather than the exception. Wrote about that a couple of years ago although, as usual, things have not happened as quickly as I predicted <a href="https://blog.tomevslin.com/2021/07/computing-clouds-in-orbit-a-possible-roadmap.html" target="_blank">https://blog.tomevslin.com/2021/07/computing-clouds-in-orbit-a-possible-roadmap.html</a><br><br>-----Original Message-----<br>From: Starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net" target="_blank">starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>> On Behalf Of Michael Richardson via Starlink<br>Sent: Wednesday, April 19, 2023 7:35 PM<br>To: starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" target="_blank">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>; <a href="mailto:e-impact@ietf.org" target="_blank">e-impact@ietf.org</a><br>Subject: [Starlink] DataCenters in Space (was Re: fiber IXPs in space)<br><br><br>I saw this reported in BIS-Spaceflight.<br>(I'm usually a few months behind in reading it) I like the "first objective"!<br><br><a href="https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/space/press-release/ascend-thales-alenia-space-lead-european-feasibility-study-data" target="_blank">https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/worldwide/space/press-release/ascend-thales-alenia-space-lead-european-feasibility-study-data</a><br><br>Cannes, November 14, 2022 – Thales Alenia Space, the joint company between Thales (67%) and Leonardo (33%), has been chosen by the European Commission to lead the ASCEND (Advanced Space Cloud for European Net zero emission and Data sovereignty) feasibility study for data centers in orbit, as part of Europe’s vast Horizon Europe research program.<br><br>Digital technology’s expanding environmental footprint is becoming a major<br>challenge: the burgeoning need for digitalization means that data centers in Europe and around the world are growing at an exponential pace, which in turn has a critical energy and environmental impact.<br><br>The first objective of this study will be to assess if the carbon emissions from the production and launch of these space infrastructures will be significantly lower than the emissions generated by ground-based data centers, therefore contributing to the achievement of global carbon neutrality. The second objective will be to prove that it is possible to develop the required launch solution and to ensure the deployment and operability of these spaceborne data centers using robotic assistance technologies currently being developed in Europe, such as the EROSS IOD demonstrator.<br><br>This project is expected to demonstrate to which extent space-based data centers would limit the energy and environmental impact of their ground counterparts, thus allowing major investments within the scope of Europe’s Green Deal, possibly justifying the development of a more climate-friendly, reusable heavy launch vehicle. Europe could thus regain its leadership in space transport and space logistics, as well as the assembly and operations of large infrastructures in orbit.<br><br>_______________________________________________<br>Starlink mailing list<br><a href="mailto:Starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" target="_blank">Starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br><a href="https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/starlink" target="_blank">https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/starlink</a><br><br>_______________________________________________<br>Starlink mailing list<br><a href="mailto:Starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" target="_blank">Starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br><a href="https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/starlink" target="_blank">https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/starlink</a><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><br clear=all><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>-- <o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Please send any postal/overnight deliveries to:<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Vint Cerf<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Google, LLC<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>1900 Reston Metro Plaza, 16th Floor<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Reston, VA 20190<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>+1 (571) 213 1346<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>until further notice<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal>-- <br>E-impact mailing list<br><a href="mailto:E-impact@ietf.org" target="_blank">E-impact@ietf.org</a><br><a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/e-impact" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/e-impact</a><o:p></o:p></p></blockquote></div></div></body></html>