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    <blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:f72428df-227c-4b62-9fa4-f2961b631007@gmail.com">
      <p>Switching between IP video channels has a much longer latency
        than switching a dial on an analog TV tuner.   This latency is
        also exhibited on radio listening, be it analog or digital DAB.<br>
      </p>
      <p> </p>
      <blockquote type="cite">I attribute that to buffer bloat and high
        latency.</blockquote>
      <p>It has multiple sources.  I suspect the highest latency factor
        is that of digital processing compared to analog processing; the
        next factor of latency (by size) may be some buffers related to
        data transmission, such as IP.</p>
      <p>The digital processing has huge advantages over analog
        processing but the large latency of switching between channels
        (aka 'tuning in') is a clear inconvenient.<br>
      </p>
    </blockquote>
    <p>There's a bit more than that. If you are getting your video
      channel via IP off a CDN system, then there will need to be:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>A DNS lookup to see which CDN server is meant to serve your
        channel, based on your IP address. This is usually done via
        geolocation lookup, which can take some time.</li>
      <li>Your client then needs to contact the CDN server, which may
        need to import that stream from an origin server elsewhere. To
        do that properly, it needs to get an idea as to how much
        sustainable bandwidth there is between you and the CDN server,
        so the CDN server knows which resolution to request from the
        origin server.</li>
      <li>The CDN server will then want to buffer some of the video to
        make sure it's not going to suffer from buffer starvation if
        there's a lag in timely delivery from the remote origin server.
        That's so your video doesn't go stop-start all that often.</li>
      <li>Last but not least, your client then also wants to buffer some
        in order to be able to deal with irregular deliveries from the
        CDN server in times of high jitter or packet loss. The more you
        buffer, the less likely that you'll suffer disruption later.<br>
      </li>
      <li>With video encoding, there's also a need to buffer a few
        frames just to be able to decode, which can add a part of a
        second also.</li>
    </ul>
    Once that's all in place, latency and bufferbloat as such shouldn't
    matter all that much theoretically, except of course that the
    protocol that's feeding your client is often still TCP, and they
    contribute to making life hell for TCP as it's struggling to match
    its congestion window to the BDP, and the BDP keeps changing due to
    the buffers filling and emptying. Most TCP connections in video
    streaming therefore don't get their cwnd anywhere near BDP, as each
    connection just downloads a chunk of video before the next one takes
    over for the next chunk.
    <blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:f72428df-227c-4b62-9fa4-f2961b631007@gmail.com">
      <p> </p>
      <p>Alex<br>
      </p>
      <blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:438B1BC4-D465-497A-B6BA-700E1D411036@ieee.org">
        <div class="">
          <ul class="MailOutline">
            <li class=""><br class="">
            </li>
            <li class="">With a happy household user watching streaming
              media, a second user could have terrible shopping
              experience with Amazon. The interactive response could be
              (is often) horrible. (Personally, I would be doing email
              and working on a shared doc. The Amazon analogy probably
              applies to more people.)</li>
          </ul>
          <div class=""><br class="">
          </div>
          <div class="">How can we deliver graceful performance to both
            persons in a household?</div>
          <div class="">Is seeking graceful performance too complicated
            to improve?</div>
          <div class="">(I said “graceful” to allow technical
            flexibility.)</div>
          <div class="">
            <div class="">
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                              <div><br class="">
                                Gene<br class="">
----------------------------------------------<br class="">
                                Eugene Chang</div>
                              <div><br class="">
                              </div>
                            </div>
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            <div><br class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">On Apr 30, 2024, at 8:05 AM, Colin_Higbie
                  via Starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                  wrote:</div>
                <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
                <div class="">
                  <div class="">[SM] How that? Capacity and latency are
                    largely independent... think a semi truck full of
                    harddisks from NYC to LA has decent
                    capacity/'bandwidth' but lousy latency...<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    Sebastian, nothing but agreement with you that
                    capacity and latency are largely independent (my old
                    dial-up modem connections 25 years ago at ~50kbps
                    had much lower latencies than my original
                    geostationary satellite connections with higher
                    bandwidth). I also agree that both are important in
                    their own ways. I had originally responded (this
                    thread seems to have come back to life from a few
                    months ago) to a point about 10Mbps capacity being
                    sufficient, and that as long as a user has a 10Mbps
                    connection, latency improvements would provide more
                    benefit to most users at that point than further
                    bandwidth increases. I responded that the minimum
                    "sufficient" metric should be higher than 10Mpbs,
                    probably at 25Mbps to support 4K HDR, which is the
                    streaming standard today and likely will be for the
                    foreseeable future. <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    I have not seen any responses that provided a sound
                    argument against that conclusion. A lot of responses
                    like "but 8K is coming" (it's not, only experimental
                    YouTube videos showcase these resolutions to the
                    general public, no studio is making 8K content and
                    no streaming service offers anything in 8K or
                    higher) and "I don't need to watch 4K, 1080p is
                    sufficient for me, so it should be for everyone else
                    too" (personal preference should never be a
                    substitute for market data). Neither of those
                    arguments refutes objective industry standards:
                    25Mbps is the minimum required bandwidth for
                    multiple of the biggest streaming services.<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    None of this intends to suggest that we should ease
                    off pressure on ISPs to provide low latency
                    connections that don't falter under load. Just want
                    to be sure we all recognize that the floor bandwidth
                    should be set no lower than 25Mbps. <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    However, I would say that depending on usage, for a
                    typical family use, where 25Mbps is "sufficient" for
                    any single stream, even 50ms latency (not great, but
                    much better than a system will have with bad
                    bufferbloat problems that can easily fall to the
                    hundreds of milliseconds) is also "sufficient" for
                    all but specialized applications or competitive
                    gaming. I would also say that if you already have
                    latency at or below 20ms, further gains on latency
                    will be imperceptible to almost all users, where
                    bandwidth increases will at least allow for more
                    simultaneous connections, even if any given stream
                    doesn't really benefit much beyond about 25Mbps. <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    I would also say that for working remotely, for
                    those of us who work with large audio or video
                    files, the ability to transfer multi-hundred MB
                    files from a 1Gbps connection in several seconds
                    instead of several minutes for a 25Mbps connection
                    is a meaningful boost to work effectiveness and
                    productivity, where a latency reduction from 50ms to
                    10ms wouldn't really yield any material changes to
                    our work.<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    Is 100Mbps and 10ms latency better than 25Mbps and
                    50ms latency? Of course. Moving to ever more
                    capacity and lower latencies is a good thing on both
                    fronts, but where hardware and engineering costs
                    tend to scale non-linearly as you start pushing
                    against current limits, "sufficiency" is an
                    important metric to keep in mind. Cost matters.<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    Cheers,<br class="">
                    Colin<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    -----Original Message-----<br class="">
                    From: Starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                    On Behalf Of <a href="mailto:starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                    Sent: Tuesday, April 30, 2024 10:41 AM<br class="">
                    To: <a href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                    Subject: Starlink Digest, Vol 37, Issue 11<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
----------------------------------------------------------------------<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    Message: 1<br class="">
                    Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2024 16:32:51 +0200<br class="">
                    From: Sebastian Moeller <<a href="mailto:moeller0@gmx.de" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">moeller0@gmx.de</a>><br class="">
                    To: Alexandre Petrescu <<a href="mailto:alexandre.petrescu@gmail.com" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">alexandre.petrescu@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
                    Cc: Hesham ElBakoury via Starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>><br class="">
                    Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency, FCC<br class="">
                    Message-ID: <<a href="mailto:D3B2FA53-589F-4F35-958C-4679EC4414D9@gmx.de" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">D3B2FA53-589F-4F35-958C-4679EC4414D9@gmx.de</a>><br class="">
                    Content-Type: text/plain;<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre">    </span>charset=utf-8<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    Hi Alexandre,<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <blockquote type="cite" class="">On 30. Apr 2024, at
                      16:25, Alexandre Petrescu via Starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                      wrote:<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Colin,<br class="">
                      8K usefulness over 4K: the higher the resolution
                      the more it will be possible to zoom in into
                      paused images.  It is one of the advantages.
                       People dont do that a lot these days but why not
                      in the future.<br class="">
                    </blockquote>
                    <br class="">
                    [SM] Because that is how in the past we envisioned
                    the future, see here <a href="h++ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHwjceFcF2Q" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">h++ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHwjceFcF2Q</a>
                    'enhance'...<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <blockquote type="cite" class="">Spotify lower
                      quality than CD and still usable: one would check
                      not Spotify, but other services for audiophiles;
                      some of these use 'DSD' formats which go way
                      beyond the so called high-def audio of 384khz
                      sampling freqs.  They dont 'stream' but download.
                       It is these higher-than-384khz sampling rates
                      equivalent (e.g. DSD1024 is the equivalent of, I
                      think of something like 10 times CD quality, I
                      think).  If Spotify is the king of streamers, in
                      the future other companies might become the kings
                      of something else than 'streaming', a name yet to
                      be invented.<br class="">
                      For each of them, it is true, normal use will not
                      expose any more advantage than the previous
                      version (no advantage of 8K over 4K, no advantage
                      of 88KHz DVD audio over CD, etc) - yet the
                      progress is ongoing on and on, and nobody comes
                      back to CD or to DVD audio or to SD (standard
                      definition video).<br class="">
                      Finally, 8K and DSD per se are requirements of
                      just bandwidth.  The need of latency should be
                      exposed there, and that is not straightforward.
                       But higher bandwidths will come with lower
                      latencies anyways. <br class="">
                    </blockquote>
                    <br class="">
                    [SM] How that? Capacity and latency are largely
                    independent... think a semi truck full of harddisks
                    from NYC to LA has decent capacity/'bandwidth' but
                    lousy latency...<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <blockquote type="cite" class="">The quest of
                      latency requirements might be, in fact, a quest to
                      see how one could use that low latency technology
                      that is possible and available anyways.<br class="">
                      Alex<br class="">
                      Le 30/04/2024 à 16:00, Colin_Higbie via Starlink a
                      écrit :<br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">David Fernández,
                        those bitrates are safe numbers, but many
                        streams could get by with less at those
                        resolutions. H.265 compression is at a variable
                        bit rate with simpler scenes requiring less
                        bandwidth. Note that 4K with HDR (30 bits per
                        pixel rather than 24) consistently also fits
                        within 25Mbps.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        David Lang, HDR is a requirement for 4K
                        programming. That is not to say that all 4K
                        streams are in HDR, but in setting a required
                        bandwidth, because 4K signals can include HDR,
                        the required bandwidth must accommodate and
                        allow for HDR. That said, I believe all modern
                        4K programming on Netflix and Amazon Prime is
                        HDR. Note David Fernández' point that Spain
                        independently reached the same conclusion as the
                        US streaming services of 25Mbps requirement for
                        4K.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Visually, to a person watching and assuming an
                        OLED (or microLED) display capable of showing
                        the full color and contrast gamut of HDR (LCD
                        can't really do it justice, even with miniLED
                        backlighting), the move to HDR from SDR is more
                        meaningful in most situations than the move from
                        1080p to 4K. I don't believe going to further
                        resolutions, scenes beyond 4K (e.g., 8K), will
                        add anything meaningful to a movie or television
                        viewer over 4K. Video games could benefit from
                        the added resolution, but lens aberration in
                        cameras along with focal length and limited
                        depth of field render blurriness of even a sharp
                        picture greater than the pixel size in most
                        scenes beyond about 4K - 5.5K. Video games don’t
                        suffer this problem because those scenes are
                        rendered, eliminating problems from camera
                        lenses. So video games may still benefit from 8K
                        resolution, but streaming programming won’t. <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        There is precedent for this in the audio
                        streaming world: audio streaming bitrates have
                        retracted from prior peaks. Even though 48kHz
                        and higher bitrate audio available on DVD is
                        superior to the audio quality of 44.1kHz CDs,
                        Spotify and Apple and most other streaming
                        services stream music at LOWER quality than CD.
                        It’s good enough for most people to not notice
                        the difference. I don’t see much push in the
                        foreseeable future for programming beyond UHD
                        (4K + HDR). That’s not to say never, but there’s
                        no real benefit to it with current camera tech
                        and screen sizes. <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Conclusion: for video streaming needs over the
                        next decade or so, 25Mbps should be appropriate.
                        As David Fernández rightly points out, H.266 and
                        other future protocols will improve compression
                        capabilities and reduce bandwidth needs at any
                        given resolution and color bit depth, adding a
                        bit more headroom for small improvements. <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Cheers,<br class="">
                        Colin<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        -----Original Message-----<br class="">
                        From: Starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                        On Behalf Of <br class="">
                        <a href="mailto:starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                        Sent: Tuesday, April 30, 2024 9:31 AM<br class="">
                        To: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                        Subject: Starlink Digest, Vol 37, Issue 9<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Message: 2<br class="">
                        Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2024 11:54:20 +0200<br class="">
                        From: David Fernández <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:davidfdzp@gmail.com" moz-do-not-send="true"><davidfdzp@gmail.com></a><br class="">
                        To: starlink <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                        Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency, FCC<br class="">
                        Message-ID:<br class="">
                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CAC=tZ0rrmWJUNLvGupw6K8ogADcYLq-eyW7Bjb209oNDWGfVSA@mail.gmail.com" moz-do-not-send="true"><CAC=tZ0rrmWJUNLvGupw6K8ogADcYLq-eyW7Bjb209oNDWGfVSA@mail.gmail.com></a><br class="">
                        Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Last February, TV broadcasting in Spain left
                        behind SD definitively and moved to HD as
                        standard quality, also starting to regularly
                        broadcast a channel with 4K quality.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        A 4K video (2160p) at 30 frames per second,
                        handled with the HEVC compression codec (H.265),
                        and using 24 bits per pixel, requires 25 Mbit/s.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Full HD video (1080p) requires 10 Mbit/s.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        For lots of 4K video encoded at < 20 Mbit/s,
                        it may be hard to distinguish it visually from
                        the HD version of the same video (this was also
                        confirmed by SBTVD Forum Tests).<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Then, 8K will come, eventually, requiring a
                        minimum of ~32 Mbit/s:<br class="">
                        <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dvb.org/news/new-generation-of-terrestrial-services-taking-sh" moz-do-not-send="true">https://dvb.org/news/new-generation-of-terrestrial-services-taking-sh</a><br class="">
                        ape-in-europe<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        The latest codec VVC (H.266) may reduce the
                        required data rates by at least 27%, at the
                        expense of more computing power required, but
                        somehow it is claimed it will be more energy
                        efficient.<br class="">
                        <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dvb.org/news/dvb-prepares-the-way-for-advanced-4k-and-8k-broa" moz-do-not-send="true">https://dvb.org/news/dvb-prepares-the-way-for-advanced-4k-and-8k-broa</a><br class="">
                        dcast-and-broadband-television<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Regards,<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        David<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2024 19:16:27 -0700 (PDT)<br class="">
                        From: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm" moz-do-not-send="true"><david@lang.hm></a><br class="">
                        To: Colin_Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CHigbie1@Higbie.name" moz-do-not-send="true"><CHigbie1@Higbie.name></a><br class="">
                        Cc: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm" moz-do-not-send="true"><david@lang.hm></a>,
                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a><br class="">
                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                        Subject: Re: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency, FCC<br class="">
                        Message-ID: <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:srss5qrq-7973-5q87-823p-30pn7o308608@ynat.uz" moz-do-not-send="true"><srss5qrq-7973-5q87-823p-30pn7o308608@ynat.uz></a><br class="">
                        Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8";
                        Format="flowed"<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Amazon, youtube set explicitly to 4k (I didn't
                        say HDR)<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        David Lang<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        On Tue, 30 Apr 2024, Colin_Higbie wrote:<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">Date: Tue, 30
                          Apr 2024 01:30:21 +0000<br class="">
                          From: Colin_Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CHigbie1@Higbie.name" moz-do-not-send="true"><CHigbie1@Higbie.name></a><br class="">
                          To: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm" moz-do-not-send="true"><david@lang.hm></a><br class="">
                          Cc: <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a>
                          <br class="">
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                          Subject: RE: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency, FCC<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Was that 4K HDR (not SDR) using the standard
                          protocols that <br class="">
                          streaming<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        services use (Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+,
                        etc.) or was it just some YouTube 4K SDR videos?
                        YouTube will show "HDR" on the gear icon for
                        content that's 4K HDR. If it only shows "4K"
                        instead of "HDR," then means it's SDR.<br class="">
                        Note that if YouTube, if left to the default of
                        Auto for streaming resolution it will also
                        automatically drop the quality to something that
                        fits within the bandwidth and most of the "4K"
                        content on YouTube is low-quality and not true
                        UHD content (even beyond missing HDR). For
                        example, many smartphones will record 4K video,
                        but their optics are not sufficient to actually
                        have distinct per-pixel image detail, meaning it
                        compresses down to a smaller image with no real
                        additional loss in picture quality, but only
                        because it's really a 4K UHD stream to begin
                        with.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">Note that 4K
                          video compression codecs are lossy, so the
                          lower <br class="">
                          quality the<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        initial image, the lower the bandwidth needed to
                        convey the stream w/o additional quality loss.
                        The needed bandwidth also changes with scene
                        complexity. Falling confetti, like on Newy
                        Year's Eve or at the Super Bowl make for one of
                        the most demanding scenes. Lots of detailed fire
                        and explosions with fast-moving fast panning
                        full dynamic backgrounds are also tough for a
                        compressed signal to preserve (but not as hard
                        as a screen full of falling confetti).<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">I'm dubious
                          that 8Mbps can handle that except for some of
                          the <br class="">
                          simplest<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        video, like cartoons or fairly static scenes
                        like the news. Those scenes don't require much
                        data, but that's not the case for all 4K HDR
                        scenes by any means.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">It's obviously
                          in Netflix and the other streaming services'
                          interest <br class="">
                          to<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        be able to sell their more expensive 4K HDR
                        service to as many people as possible. There's a
                        reason they won't offer it to anyone with less
                        than 25Mbps – they don't want the complaints and
                        service calls. Now, to be fair, 4K HDR
                        definitely doesn’t typically require 25Mbps, but
                        it's to their credit that they do include a
                        small bandwidth buffer. In my experience
                        monitoring bandwidth usage for 4K HDR streaming,
                        15Mbps is the minimum if doing nothing else and
                        that will frequently fall short, depending on
                        the 4K HDR content.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">Cheers,<br class="">
                          Colin<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          -----Original Message-----<br class="">
                          From: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm" moz-do-not-send="true"><david@lang.hm></a><br class="">
                          Sent: Monday, April 29, 2024 8:40 PM<br class="">
                          To: Colin Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:colin.higbie@scribl.com" moz-do-not-send="true"><colin.higbie@scribl.com></a><br class="">
                          Cc: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                          Subject: Re: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency, FCC<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          hmm, before my DSL got disconnected (the
                          carrier decided they didn't <br class="">
                          want<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        to support it any more), I could stream 4k at
                        8Mb down if there <br class="">
                        wasn't too much other activity on the network
                        (doing so at 2x speed <br class="">
                        was a problem)<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">David Lang<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          On Fri, 15 Mar 2024, Colin Higbie via Starlink
                          wrote:<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">Date: Fri, 15
                            Mar 2024 18:32:36 +0000<br class="">
                            From: Colin Higbie via Starlink <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                            Reply-To: Colin Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:colin.higbie@scribl.com" moz-do-not-send="true"><colin.higbie@scribl.com></a><br class="">
                            To: <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a>
                            <br class="">
                            <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                            Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency,
                            FCC<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">I have now
                              been trying to break the common conflation
                              that <br class="">
                              download<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                            </blockquote>
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        "speed"<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">means
                              anything at all for day to day, minute to
                              minute, second to <br class="">
                              second, use, once you crack 10mbit, now,
                              for over 14 years. Am I <br class="">
                              succeeding? I lost the 25/10 battle, and
                              keep pointing at really <br class="">
                              terrible latency under load and wifi
                              weirdnesses for many existing<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                            </blockquote>
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        100/20 services today.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">While I
                            completely agree that latency has bigger
                            impact on how<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        responsive the Internet feels to use, I do think
                        that 10Mbit is too low for some standard
                        applications regardless of latency: with the
                        more recent availability of 4K and higher
                        streaming, that does require a higher minimum
                        bandwidth to work at all. One could argue that
                        no one NEEDS 4K streaming, but many families
                        would view this as an important part of what
                        they do with their Internet (Starlink makes this
                        reliably possible at our farmhouse). 4K
                        HDR-supporting TV's are among the most popular
                        TVs being purchased in the U.S. today. Netflix,
                        Amazon, Max, Disney and other streaming services
                        provide a substantial portion of 4K HDR content.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">So, I agree
                            that 25/10 is sufficient, for up to 4k HDR
                            streaming. <br class="">
                            100/20<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        would provide plenty of bandwidth for multiple
                        concurrent 4K users or a 1-2 8K streams.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">For me, not
                            claiming any special expertise on market
                            needs, just my <br class="">
                            own<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        personal assessment on what typical families
                        will need and care about:<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">Latency:
                            below 50ms under load always feels good
                            except for some <br class="">
                            intensive gaming (I don't see any benefit to
                            getting loaded latency <br class="">
                            further below ~20ms for typical
                            applications, with an exception for <br class="">
                            cloud-based gaming that benefits with lower
                            latency all the way <br class="">
                            down to about 5ms for young, really fast
                            players, the rest of us <br class="">
                            won't be able to tell the difference)<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            Download Bandwidth: 10Mbps good enough if
                            not doing UHD video <br class="">
                            streaming<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            Download Bandwidth: 25 - 100Mbps if doing
                            UHD video streaming, <br class="">
                            depending on # of streams or if wanting to
                            be ready for 8k<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            Upload Bandwidth: 10Mbps good enough for
                            quality video <br class="">
                            conferencing, higher only needed for
                            multiple concurrent outbound <br class="">
                            streams<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            So, for example (and ignoring upload for
                            this), I would rather have<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        latency at 50ms (under load) and DL bandwidth of
                        25Mbps than latency of 1ms with a max bandwidth
                        of 10Mbps, because the super-low latency doesn't
                        solve the problem with insufficient bandwidth to
                        watch 4K HDR content. But, I'd also rather have
                        latency of 20ms with 100Mbps DL, then latency
                        that exceeds 100ms under load with 1Gbps DL
                        bandwidth. I think the important thing is to
                        reach "good enough" on both, not just excel at
                        one while falling short of "good enough" on the
                        other.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">Note that
                            Starlink handles all of this well, including
                            kids <br class="">
                            watching<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        YouTube while my wife and I watch 4K UHD
                        Netflix, except the upload speed occasionally
                        tops at under 3Mbps for me, causing quality
                        degradation for outbound video calls (or used
                        to, it seems to have gotten better in recent
                        months – no problems since sometime in 2023).<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">Cheers,<br class="">
                            Colin<br class="">
                            <br class="">
_______________________________________________<br class="">
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                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
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                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    ------------------------------<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    Message: 2<br class="">
                    Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2024 16:40:58 +0200<br class="">
                    From: Alexandre Petrescu <<a href="mailto:alexandre.petrescu@gmail.com" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">alexandre.petrescu@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
                    To: Sebastian Moeller <<a href="mailto:moeller0@gmx.de" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">moeller0@gmx.de</a>><br class="">
                    Cc: Hesham ElBakoury via Starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>><br class="">
                    Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency, FCC<br class="">
                    Message-ID: <<a href="mailto:727b07d9-9dc3-43b7-8e17-50b6b7a4444a@gmail.com" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">727b07d9-9dc3-43b7-8e17-50b6b7a4444a@gmail.com</a>><br class="">
                    Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8;
                    format=flowed<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    Le 30/04/2024 à 16:32, Sebastian Moeller a écrit :<br class="">
                    <blockquote type="cite" class="">Hi Alexandre,<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">On 30. Apr 2024,
                        at 16:25, Alexandre Petrescu via Starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                        wrote:<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Colin,<br class="">
                        8K usefulness over 4K: the higher the resolution
                        the more it will be possible to zoom in into
                        paused images.  It is one of the advantages.
                         People dont do that a lot these days but why
                        not in the future.<br class="">
                      </blockquote>
                      [SM] Because that is how in the past we envisioned
                      the future, see here <a href="h++ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHwjceFcF2Q" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">h++ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHwjceFcF2Q</a>
                      'enhance'...<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">Spotify lower
                        quality than CD and still usable: one would
                        check not Spotify, but other services for
                        audiophiles; some of these use 'DSD' formats
                        which go way beyond the so called high-def audio
                        of 384khz sampling freqs.  They dont 'stream'
                        but download.  It is these higher-than-384khz
                        sampling rates equivalent (e.g. DSD1024 is the
                        equivalent of, I think of something like 10
                        times CD quality, I think).  If Spotify is the
                        king of streamers, in the future other companies
                        might become the kings of something else than
                        'streaming', a name yet to be invented.<br class="">
                        For each of them, it is true, normal use will
                        not expose any more advantage than the previous
                        version (no advantage of 8K over 4K, no
                        advantage of 88KHz DVD audio over CD, etc) - yet
                        the progress is ongoing on and on, and nobody
                        comes back to CD or to DVD audio or to SD
                        (standard definition video).<br class="">
                        Finally, 8K and DSD per se are requirements of
                        just bandwidth.  The need of latency should be
                        exposed there, and that is not straightforward.
                         But higher bandwidths will come with lower
                        latencies anyways.<br class="">
                      </blockquote>
                      [SM] How that? Capacity and latency are largely
                      independent... think a semi truck full of
                      harddisks from NYC to LA has decent
                      capacity/'bandwidth' but lousy latency...<br class="">
                    </blockquote>
                    <br class="">
                    I agree with you: two distinct parameters, bandwidth
                    and latency.  But they evolve simultenously,
                    relatively bound by a constant relationship. For any
                    particular link  technology (satcom is one) the
                    bandwidth and latency are in a constant
                    relationship.  One grows, the other diminishes. 
                    There are exceptions too, in some details.<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    (as for the truck full of harddisks, and jumbo jets
                    full of DVDs - they are just concepts: striking good
                    examples of how enormous bandwidths are possible,
                    but still to see in practice; physicsts also talked
                    about a train transported by a train transported by
                    a train and so on, to overcome the speed of light:
                    another striking example, but not in practice).<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    Alex<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <blockquote type="cite" class=""><br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">The quest of
                        latency requirements might be, in fact, a quest
                        to see how one could use that low latency
                        technology that is possible and available
                        anyways.<br class="">
                        Alex<br class="">
                        Le 30/04/2024 à 16:00, Colin_Higbie via Starlink
                        a écrit :<br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">David
                          Fernández, those bitrates are safe numbers,
                          but many streams could get by with less at
                          those resolutions. H.265 compression is at a
                          variable bit rate with simpler scenes
                          requiring less bandwidth. Note that 4K with
                          HDR (30 bits per pixel rather than 24)
                          consistently also fits within 25Mbps.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          David Lang, HDR is a requirement for 4K
                          programming. That is not to say that all 4K
                          streams are in HDR, but in setting a required
                          bandwidth, because 4K signals can include HDR,
                          the required bandwidth must accommodate and
                          allow for HDR. That said, I believe all modern
                          4K programming on Netflix and Amazon Prime is
                          HDR. Note David Fernández' point that Spain
                          independently reached the same conclusion as
                          the US streaming services of 25Mbps
                          requirement for 4K.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Visually, to a person watching and assuming an
                          OLED (or microLED) display capable of showing
                          the full color and contrast gamut of HDR (LCD
                          can't really do it justice, even with miniLED
                          backlighting), the move to HDR from SDR is
                          more meaningful in most situations than the
                          move from 1080p to 4K. I don't believe going
                          to further resolutions, scenes beyond 4K
                          (e.g., 8K), will add anything meaningful to a
                          movie or television viewer over 4K. Video
                          games could benefit from the added resolution,
                          but lens aberration in cameras along with
                          focal length and limited depth of field render
                          blurriness of even a sharp picture greater
                          than the pixel size in most scenes beyond
                          about 4K - 5.5K. Video games don’t suffer this
                          problem because those scenes are rendered,
                          eliminating problems from camera lenses. So
                          video games may still benefit from 8K
                          resolution, but streaming programming won’t.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          There is precedent for this in the audio
                          streaming world: audio streaming bitrates have
                          retracted from prior peaks. Even though 48kHz
                          and higher bitrate audio available on DVD is
                          superior to the audio quality of 44.1kHz CDs,
                          Spotify and Apple and most other streaming
                          services stream music at LOWER quality than
                          CD. It’s good enough for most people to not
                          notice the difference. I don’t see much push
                          in the foreseeable future for programming
                          beyond UHD (4K + HDR). That’s not to say
                          never, but there’s no real benefit to it with
                          current camera tech and screen sizes.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Conclusion: for video streaming needs over the
                          next decade or so, 25Mbps should be
                          appropriate. As David Fernández rightly points
                          out, H.266 and other future protocols will
                          improve compression capabilities and reduce
                          bandwidth needs at any given resolution and
                          color bit depth, adding a bit more headroom
                          for small improvements.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Cheers,<br class="">
                          Colin<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          -----Original Message-----<br class="">
                          From: Starlink <<a href="mailto:starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                          On Behalf Of <br class="">
                          <a href="mailto:starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                          Sent: Tuesday, April 30, 2024 9:31 AM<br class="">
                          To: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                          Subject: Starlink Digest, Vol 37, Issue 9<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Message: 2<br class="">
                          Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2024 11:54:20 +0200<br class="">
                          From: David Fernández <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:davidfdzp@gmail.com" moz-do-not-send="true"><davidfdzp@gmail.com></a><br class="">
                          To: starlink <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                          Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency, FCC<br class="">
                          Message-ID:<br class="">
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CAC=tZ0rrmWJUNLvGupw6K8ogADcYLq-eyW7Bjb209oNDWGfVSA@mail.gmail.com" moz-do-not-send="true"><CAC=tZ0rrmWJUNLvGupw6K8ogADcYLq-eyW7Bjb209oNDWGfVSA@mail.gmail.com></a><br class="">
                          Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Last February, TV broadcasting in Spain left
                          behind SD definitively and moved to HD as
                          standard quality, also starting to regularly
                          broadcast a channel with 4K quality.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          A 4K video (2160p) at 30 frames per second,
                          handled with the HEVC compression codec
                          (H.265), and using 24 bits per pixel, requires
                          25 Mbit/s.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Full HD video (1080p) requires 10 Mbit/s.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          For lots of 4K video encoded at < 20
                          Mbit/s, it may be hard to distinguish it
                          visually from the HD version of the same video
                          (this was also confirmed by SBTVD Forum
                          Tests).<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Then, 8K will come, eventually, requiring a
                          minimum of ~32 Mbit/s:<br class="">
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dvb.org/news/new-generation-of-terrestrial-services-taking-s" moz-do-not-send="true">https://dvb.org/news/new-generation-of-terrestrial-services-taking-s</a><br class="">
                          hape-in-europe<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          The latest codec VVC (H.266) may reduce the
                          required data rates by at least 27%, at the
                          expense of more computing power required, but
                          somehow it is claimed it will be more energy
                          efficient.<br class="">
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dvb.org/news/dvb-prepares-the-way-for-advanced-4k-and-8k-bro" moz-do-not-send="true">https://dvb.org/news/dvb-prepares-the-way-for-advanced-4k-and-8k-bro</a><br class="">
                          adcast-and-broadband-television<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Regards,<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          David<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2024 19:16:27 -0700 (PDT)<br class="">
                          From: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm" moz-do-not-send="true"><david@lang.hm></a><br class="">
                          To: Colin_Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CHigbie1@Higbie.name" moz-do-not-send="true"><CHigbie1@Higbie.name></a><br class="">
                          Cc: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm" moz-do-not-send="true"><david@lang.hm></a>,
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a><br class="">
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                          Subject: Re: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency, FCC<br class="">
                          Message-ID: <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:srss5qrq-7973-5q87-823p-30pn7o308608@ynat.uz" moz-do-not-send="true"><srss5qrq-7973-5q87-823p-30pn7o308608@ynat.uz></a><br class="">
                          Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8";
                          Format="flowed"<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Amazon, youtube set explicitly to 4k (I didn't
                          say HDR)<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          David Lang<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          On Tue, 30 Apr 2024, Colin_Higbie wrote:<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">Date: Tue, 30
                            Apr 2024 01:30:21 +0000<br class="">
                            From: Colin_Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CHigbie1@Higbie.name" moz-do-not-send="true"><CHigbie1@Higbie.name></a><br class="">
                            To: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm" moz-do-not-send="true"><david@lang.hm></a><br class="">
                            Cc: <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a>
                            <br class="">
                            <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                            Subject: RE: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency,
                            FCC<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            Was that 4K HDR (not SDR) using the standard
                            protocols that <br class="">
                            streaming<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                          services use (Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+,
                          etc.) or was it just some YouTube 4K SDR
                          videos? YouTube will show "HDR" on the gear
                          icon for content that's 4K HDR. If it only
                          shows "4K" instead of "HDR," then means it's
                          SDR.<br class="">
                          Note that if YouTube, if left to the default
                          of Auto for streaming resolution it will also
                          automatically drop the quality to something
                          that fits within the bandwidth and most of the
                          "4K" content on YouTube is low-quality and not
                          true UHD content (even beyond missing HDR).
                          For example, many smartphones will record 4K
                          video, but their optics are not sufficient to
                          actually have distinct per-pixel image detail,
                          meaning it compresses down to a smaller image
                          with no real additional loss in picture
                          quality, but only because it's really a 4K UHD
                          stream to begin with.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">Note that 4K
                            video compression codecs are lossy, so the
                            lower <br class="">
                            quality the<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                          initial image, the lower the bandwidth needed
                          to convey the stream w/o additional quality
                          loss. The needed bandwidth also changes with
                          scene complexity. Falling confetti, like on
                          Newy Year's Eve or at the Super Bowl make for
                          one of the most demanding scenes. Lots of
                          detailed fire and explosions with fast-moving
                          fast panning full dynamic backgrounds are also
                          tough for a compressed signal to preserve (but
                          not as hard as a screen full of falling
                          confetti).<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">I'm dubious
                            that 8Mbps can handle that except for some
                            of the <br class="">
                            simplest<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                          video, like cartoons or fairly static scenes
                          like the news. Those scenes don't require much
                          data, but that's not the case for all 4K HDR
                          scenes by any means.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">It's
                            obviously in Netflix and the other streaming
                            services' <br class="">
                            interest to<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                          be able to sell their more expensive 4K HDR
                          service to as many people as possible. There's
                          a reason they won't offer it to anyone with
                          less than 25Mbps – they don't want the
                          complaints and service calls. Now, to be fair,
                          4K HDR definitely doesn’t typically require
                          25Mbps, but it's to their credit that they do
                          include a small bandwidth buffer. In my
                          experience monitoring bandwidth usage for 4K
                          HDR streaming, 15Mbps is the minimum if doing
                          nothing else and that will frequently fall
                          short, depending on the 4K HDR content.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">Cheers,<br class="">
                            Colin<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            -----Original Message-----<br class="">
                            From: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm" moz-do-not-send="true"><david@lang.hm></a><br class="">
                            Sent: Monday, April 29, 2024 8:40 PM<br class="">
                            To: Colin Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:colin.higbie@scribl.com" moz-do-not-send="true"><colin.higbie@scribl.com></a><br class="">
                            Cc: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                            Subject: Re: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency,
                            FCC<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            hmm, before my DSL got disconnected (the
                            carrier decided they <br class="">
                            didn't want<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                          to support it any more), I could stream 4k at
                          8Mb down if there <br class="">
                          wasn't too much other activity on the network
                          (doing so at 2x speed <br class="">
                          was a problem)<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">David Lang<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            On Fri, 15 Mar 2024, Colin Higbie via
                            Starlink wrote:<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">Date: Fri,
                              15 Mar 2024 18:32:36 +0000<br class="">
                              From: Colin Higbie via Starlink <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                              Reply-To: Colin Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:colin.higbie@scribl.com" moz-do-not-send="true"><colin.higbie@scribl.com></a><br class="">
                              To: <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a>
                              <br class="">
                              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net" moz-do-not-send="true"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                              Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency,
                              FCC<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                              <br class="">
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">I have
                                now been trying to break the common
                                conflation that <br class="">
                                download<br class="">
                                <br class="">
                              </blockquote>
                            </blockquote>
                          </blockquote>
                          "speed"<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">means
                                anything at all for day to day, minute
                                to minute, second to <br class="">
                                second, use, once you crack 10mbit, now,
                                for over 14 years. Am I <br class="">
                                succeeding? I lost the 25/10 battle, and
                                keep pointing at really <br class="">
                                terrible latency under load and wifi
                                weirdnesses for many <br class="">
                                existing<br class="">
                                <br class="">
                              </blockquote>
                            </blockquote>
                          </blockquote>
                          100/20 services today.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">While I
                              completely agree that latency has bigger
                              impact on how<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                            </blockquote>
                          </blockquote>
                          responsive the Internet feels to use, I do
                          think that 10Mbit is too low for some standard
                          applications regardless of latency: with the
                          more recent availability of 4K and higher
                          streaming, that does require a higher minimum
                          bandwidth to work at all. One could argue that
                          no one NEEDS 4K streaming, but many families
                          would view this as an important part of what
                          they do with their Internet (Starlink makes
                          this reliably possible at our farmhouse). 4K
                          HDR-supporting TV's are among the most popular
                          TVs being purchased in the U.S. today.
                          Netflix, Amazon, Max, Disney and other
                          streaming services provide a substantial
                          portion of 4K HDR content.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">So, I agree
                              that 25/10 is sufficient, for up to 4k HDR
                              streaming.<br class="">
                              100/20<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                            </blockquote>
                          </blockquote>
                          would provide plenty of bandwidth for multiple
                          concurrent 4K users or a 1-2 8K streams.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">For me, not
                              claiming any special expertise on market
                              needs, just <br class="">
                              my own<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                            </blockquote>
                          </blockquote>
                          personal assessment on what typical families
                          will need and care about:<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">Latency:
                              below 50ms under load always feels good
                              except for some <br class="">
                              intensive gaming (I don't see any benefit
                              to getting loaded <br class="">
                              latency further below ~20ms for typical
                              applications, with an <br class="">
                              exception for cloud-based gaming that
                              benefits with lower latency <br class="">
                              all the way down to about 5ms for young,
                              really fast players, the <br class="">
                              rest of us won't be able to tell the
                              difference)<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                              Download Bandwidth: 10Mbps good enough if
                              not doing UHD video <br class="">
                              streaming<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                              Download Bandwidth: 25 - 100Mbps if doing
                              UHD video streaming, <br class="">
                              depending on # of streams or if wanting to
                              be ready for 8k<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                              Upload Bandwidth: 10Mbps good enough for
                              quality video <br class="">
                              conferencing, higher only needed for
                              multiple concurrent outbound <br class="">
                              streams<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                              So, for example (and ignoring upload for
                              this), I would rather <br class="">
                              have<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                            </blockquote>
                          </blockquote>
                          latency at 50ms (under load) and DL bandwidth
                          of 25Mbps than latency of 1ms with a max
                          bandwidth of 10Mbps, because the super-low
                          latency doesn't solve the problem with
                          insufficient bandwidth to watch 4K HDR
                          content. But, I'd also rather have latency of
                          20ms with 100Mbps DL, then latency that
                          exceeds 100ms under load with 1Gbps DL
                          bandwidth. I think the important thing is to
                          reach "good enough" on both, not just excel at
                          one while falling short of "good enough" on
                          the other.<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">Note that
                              Starlink handles all of this well,
                              including kids <br class="">
                              watching<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                            </blockquote>
                          </blockquote>
                          YouTube while my wife and I watch 4K UHD
                          Netflix, except the upload speed occasionally
                          tops at under 3Mbps for me, causing quality
                          degradation for outbound video calls (or used
                          to, it seems to have gotten better in recent
                          months – no problems since sometime in 2023).<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">Cheers,<br class="">
                              Colin<br class="">
                              <br class="">
_______________________________________________<br class="">
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                            </blockquote>
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                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    ------------------------------<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    Subject: Digest Footer<br class="">
                    <br class="">
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                    ------------------------------<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    End of Starlink Digest, Vol 37, Issue 11<br class="">
                    ****************************************<br class="">
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</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
****************************************************************
Dr. Ulrich Speidel

School of Computer Science

Room 303S.594 (City Campus)

The University of Auckland
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:u.speidel@auckland.ac.nz">u.speidel@auckland.ac.nz</a> 
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~ulrich/">http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~ulrich/</a>
****************************************************************



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