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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Le 30/04/2024 à 21:04, Eugene Y Chang
      via Starlink a écrit :<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:438B1BC4-D465-497A-B6BA-700E1D411036@ieee.org">
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      I am always surprised how complicated these discussions become.
      (Surprised mostly because I forgot the kind of issues this
      community care about.) The discussion doesn’t shed light on the
      following scenarios.
      <div class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div class="">
        <ul class="MailOutline">
          <li class="">While watching stream content, activating
            controls needed to switch content sometimes (often?) have
            long pauses. <br class="">
          </li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <p>It is true.</p>
    <p>Switching between IP video channels has a much longer latency
      than switching a dial on an analog TV tuner.   This latency is
      also exhibited on radio listening, be it analog or digital DAB.<br>
    </p>
    <p>
      <blockquote type="cite">I attribute that to buffer bloat and high
        latency.</blockquote>
    </p>
    <p>It has multiple sources.  I suspect the highest latency factor is
      that of digital processing compared to analog processing; the next
      factor of latency (by size) may be some buffers related to data
      transmission, such as IP.</p>
    <p>The digital processing has huge advantages over analog processing
      but the large latency of switching between channels (aka 'tuning
      in') is a clear inconvenient.<br>
    </p>
    <p>Alex<br>
    </p>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:438B1BC4-D465-497A-B6BA-700E1D411036@ieee.org">
      <div class="">
        <ul class="MailOutline">
          <li class=""><br class="">
          </li>
          <li class="">With a happy household user watching streaming
            media, a second user could have terrible shopping experience
            with Amazon. The interactive response could be (is often)
            horrible. (Personally, I would be doing email and working on
            a shared doc. The Amazon analogy probably applies to more
            people.)</li>
        </ul>
        <div class=""><br class="">
        </div>
        <div class="">How can we deliver graceful performance to both
          persons in a household?</div>
        <div class="">Is seeking graceful performance too complicated to
          improve?</div>
        <div class="">(I said “graceful” to allow technical
          flexibility.)</div>
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                            <div><br class="">
                              Gene<br class="">
----------------------------------------------<br class="">
                              Eugene Chang</div>
                            <div><br class="">
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
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          <div><br class="">
            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
              <div class="">On Apr 30, 2024, at 8:05 AM, Colin_Higbie
                via Starlink <<a
                  href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                  class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                wrote:</div>
              <br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
              <div class="">
                <div class="">[SM] How that? Capacity and latency are
                  largely independent... think a semi truck full of
                  harddisks from NYC to LA has decent
                  capacity/'bandwidth' but lousy latency...<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  Sebastian, nothing but agreement with you that
                  capacity and latency are largely independent (my old
                  dial-up modem connections 25 years ago at ~50kbps had
                  much lower latencies than my original geostationary
                  satellite connections with higher bandwidth). I also
                  agree that both are important in their own ways. I had
                  originally responded (this thread seems to have come
                  back to life from a few months ago) to a point about
                  10Mbps capacity being sufficient, and that as long as
                  a user has a 10Mbps connection, latency improvements
                  would provide more benefit to most users at that point
                  than further bandwidth increases. I responded that the
                  minimum "sufficient" metric should be higher than
                  10Mpbs, probably at 25Mbps to support 4K HDR, which is
                  the streaming standard today and likely will be for
                  the foreseeable future. <br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  I have not seen any responses that provided a sound
                  argument against that conclusion. A lot of responses
                  like "but 8K is coming" (it's not, only experimental
                  YouTube videos showcase these resolutions to the
                  general public, no studio is making 8K content and no
                  streaming service offers anything in 8K or higher) and
                  "I don't need to watch 4K, 1080p is sufficient for me,
                  so it should be for everyone else too" (personal
                  preference should never be a substitute for market
                  data). Neither of those arguments refutes objective
                  industry standards: 25Mbps is the minimum required
                  bandwidth for multiple of the biggest streaming
                  services.<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  None of this intends to suggest that we should ease
                  off pressure on ISPs to provide low latency
                  connections that don't falter under load. Just want to
                  be sure we all recognize that the floor bandwidth
                  should be set no lower than 25Mbps. <br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  However, I would say that depending on usage, for a
                  typical family use, where 25Mbps is "sufficient" for
                  any single stream, even 50ms latency (not great, but
                  much better than a system will have with bad
                  bufferbloat problems that can easily fall to the
                  hundreds of milliseconds) is also "sufficient" for all
                  but specialized applications or competitive gaming. I
                  would also say that if you already have latency at or
                  below 20ms, further gains on latency will be
                  imperceptible to almost all users, where bandwidth
                  increases will at least allow for more simultaneous
                  connections, even if any given stream doesn't really
                  benefit much beyond about 25Mbps. <br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  I would also say that for working remotely, for those
                  of us who work with large audio or video files, the
                  ability to transfer multi-hundred MB files from a
                  1Gbps connection in several seconds instead of several
                  minutes for a 25Mbps connection is a meaningful boost
                  to work effectiveness and productivity, where a
                  latency reduction from 50ms to 10ms wouldn't really
                  yield any material changes to our work.<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  Is 100Mbps and 10ms latency better than 25Mbps and
                  50ms latency? Of course. Moving to ever more capacity
                  and lower latencies is a good thing on both fronts,
                  but where hardware and engineering costs tend to scale
                  non-linearly as you start pushing against current
                  limits, "sufficiency" is an important metric to keep
                  in mind. Cost matters.<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  Cheers,<br class="">
                  Colin<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  -----Original Message-----<br class="">
                  From: Starlink <<a
                    href="mailto:starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                  On Behalf Of <a
                    href="mailto:starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br
                    class="">
                  Sent: Tuesday, April 30, 2024 10:41 AM<br class="">
                  To: <a href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br
                    class="">
                  Subject: Starlink Digest, Vol 37, Issue 11<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  <br class="">
----------------------------------------------------------------------<br
                    class="">
                  <br class="">
                  Message: 1<br class="">
                  Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2024 16:32:51 +0200<br class="">
                  From: Sebastian Moeller <<a
                    href="mailto:moeller0@gmx.de"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">moeller0@gmx.de</a>><br
                    class="">
                  To: Alexandre Petrescu <<a
                    href="mailto:alexandre.petrescu@gmail.com"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">alexandre.petrescu@gmail.com</a>><br
                    class="">
                  Cc: Hesham ElBakoury via Starlink <<a
                    href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>><br
                    class="">
                  Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency, FCC<br
                    class="">
                  Message-ID: <<a
href="mailto:D3B2FA53-589F-4F35-958C-4679EC4414D9@gmx.de"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">D3B2FA53-589F-4F35-958C-4679EC4414D9@gmx.de</a>><br
                    class="">
                  Content-Type: text/plain;<span class="Apple-tab-span"
                  style="white-space:pre"> </span>charset=utf-8<br
                    class="">
                  <br class="">
                  Hi Alexandre,<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  <blockquote type="cite" class="">On 30. Apr 2024, at
                    16:25, Alexandre Petrescu via Starlink <<a
                      href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                      moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                    wrote:<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    Colin,<br class="">
                    8K usefulness over 4K: the higher the resolution the
                    more it will be possible to zoom in into paused
                    images.  It is one of the advantages.  People dont
                    do that a lot these days but why not in the future.<br
                      class="">
                  </blockquote>
                  <br class="">
                  [SM] Because that is how in the past we envisioned the
                  future, see here <a
                    href="h++ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHwjceFcF2Q"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">h++ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHwjceFcF2Q</a>
                  'enhance'...<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  <blockquote type="cite" class="">Spotify lower quality
                    than CD and still usable: one would check not
                    Spotify, but other services for audiophiles; some of
                    these use 'DSD' formats which go way beyond the so
                    called high-def audio of 384khz sampling freqs.
                     They dont 'stream' but download.  It is these
                    higher-than-384khz sampling rates equivalent (e.g.
                    DSD1024 is the equivalent of, I think of something
                    like 10 times CD quality, I think).  If Spotify is
                    the king of streamers, in the future other companies
                    might become the kings of something else than
                    'streaming', a name yet to be invented.<br class="">
                    For each of them, it is true, normal use will not
                    expose any more advantage than the previous version
                    (no advantage of 8K over 4K, no advantage of 88KHz
                    DVD audio over CD, etc) - yet the progress is
                    ongoing on and on, and nobody comes back to CD or to
                    DVD audio or to SD (standard definition video).<br
                      class="">
                    Finally, 8K and DSD per se are requirements of just
                    bandwidth.  The need of latency should be exposed
                    there, and that is not straightforward.  But higher
                    bandwidths will come with lower latencies anyways. <br
                      class="">
                  </blockquote>
                  <br class="">
                  [SM] How that? Capacity and latency are largely
                  independent... think a semi truck full of harddisks
                  from NYC to LA has decent capacity/'bandwidth' but
                  lousy latency...<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  <blockquote type="cite" class="">The quest of latency
                    requirements might be, in fact, a quest to see how
                    one could use that low latency technology that is
                    possible and available anyways.<br class="">
                    Alex<br class="">
                    Le 30/04/2024 à 16:00, Colin_Higbie via Starlink a
                    écrit :<br class="">
                    <blockquote type="cite" class="">David Fernández,
                      those bitrates are safe numbers, but many streams
                      could get by with less at those resolutions. H.265
                      compression is at a variable bit rate with simpler
                      scenes requiring less bandwidth. Note that 4K with
                      HDR (30 bits per pixel rather than 24)
                      consistently also fits within 25Mbps.<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      David Lang, HDR is a requirement for 4K
                      programming. That is not to say that all 4K
                      streams are in HDR, but in setting a required
                      bandwidth, because 4K signals can include HDR, the
                      required bandwidth must accommodate and allow for
                      HDR. That said, I believe all modern 4K
                      programming on Netflix and Amazon Prime is HDR.
                      Note David Fernández' point that Spain
                      independently reached the same conclusion as the
                      US streaming services of 25Mbps requirement for
                      4K.<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Visually, to a person watching and assuming an
                      OLED (or microLED) display capable of showing the
                      full color and contrast gamut of HDR (LCD can't
                      really do it justice, even with miniLED
                      backlighting), the move to HDR from SDR is more
                      meaningful in most situations than the move from
                      1080p to 4K. I don't believe going to further
                      resolutions, scenes beyond 4K (e.g., 8K), will add
                      anything meaningful to a movie or television
                      viewer over 4K. Video games could benefit from the
                      added resolution, but lens aberration in cameras
                      along with focal length and limited depth of field
                      render blurriness of even a sharp picture greater
                      than the pixel size in most scenes beyond about 4K
                      - 5.5K. Video games don’t suffer this problem
                      because those scenes are rendered, eliminating
                      problems from camera lenses. So video games may
                      still benefit from 8K resolution, but streaming
                      programming won’t. <br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      There is precedent for this in the audio streaming
                      world: audio streaming bitrates have retracted
                      from prior peaks. Even though 48kHz and higher
                      bitrate audio available on DVD is superior to the
                      audio quality of 44.1kHz CDs, Spotify and Apple
                      and most other streaming services stream music at
                      LOWER quality than CD. It’s good enough for most
                      people to not notice the difference. I don’t see
                      much push in the foreseeable future for
                      programming beyond UHD (4K + HDR). That’s not to
                      say never, but there’s no real benefit to it with
                      current camera tech and screen sizes. <br
                        class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Conclusion: for video streaming needs over the
                      next decade or so, 25Mbps should be appropriate.
                      As David Fernández rightly points out, H.266 and
                      other future protocols will improve compression
                      capabilities and reduce bandwidth needs at any
                      given resolution and color bit depth, adding a bit
                      more headroom for small improvements. <br
                        class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Cheers,<br class="">
                      Colin<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      -----Original Message-----<br class="">
                      From: Starlink <<a
href="mailto:starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                      On Behalf Of <br class="">
                      <a
href="mailto:starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br
                        class="">
                      Sent: Tuesday, April 30, 2024 9:31 AM<br class="">
                      To: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                      Subject: Starlink Digest, Vol 37, Issue 9<br
                        class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Message: 2<br class="">
                      Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2024 11:54:20 +0200<br class="">
                      From: David Fernández <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:davidfdzp@gmail.com"><davidfdzp@gmail.com></a><br
                        class="">
                      To: starlink
                      <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                      Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency, FCC<br
                        class="">
                      Message-ID:<br class="">
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CAC=tZ0rrmWJUNLvGupw6K8ogADcYLq-eyW7Bjb209oNDWGfVSA@mail.gmail.com"><CAC=tZ0rrmWJUNLvGupw6K8ogADcYLq-eyW7Bjb209oNDWGfVSA@mail.gmail.com></a><br
                        class="">
                      Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br
                        class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Last February, TV broadcasting in Spain left
                      behind SD definitively and moved to HD as standard
                      quality, also starting to regularly broadcast a
                      channel with 4K quality.<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      A 4K video (2160p) at 30 frames per second,
                      handled with the HEVC compression codec (H.265),
                      and using 24 bits per pixel, requires 25 Mbit/s.<br
                        class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Full HD video (1080p) requires 10 Mbit/s.<br
                        class="">
                      <br class="">
                      For lots of 4K video encoded at < 20 Mbit/s, it
                      may be hard to distinguish it visually from the HD
                      version of the same video (this was also confirmed
                      by SBTVD Forum Tests).<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Then, 8K will come, eventually, requiring a
                      minimum of ~32 Mbit/s:<br class="">
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dvb.org/news/new-generation-of-terrestrial-services-taking-sh">https://dvb.org/news/new-generation-of-terrestrial-services-taking-sh</a><br
                        class="">
                      ape-in-europe<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      The latest codec VVC (H.266) may reduce the
                      required data rates by at least 27%, at the
                      expense of more computing power required, but
                      somehow it is claimed it will be more energy
                      efficient.<br class="">
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dvb.org/news/dvb-prepares-the-way-for-advanced-4k-and-8k-broa">https://dvb.org/news/dvb-prepares-the-way-for-advanced-4k-and-8k-broa</a><br
                        class="">
                      dcast-and-broadband-television<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Regards,<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      David<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2024 19:16:27 -0700 (PDT)<br
                        class="">
                      From: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm"><david@lang.hm></a><br class="">
                      To: Colin_Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CHigbie1@Higbie.name"><CHigbie1@Higbie.name></a><br
                        class="">
                      Cc: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm"><david@lang.hm></a>,
                      <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a><br class="">
                      <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br class="">
                      Subject: Re: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency, FCC<br
                        class="">
                      Message-ID:
                      <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:srss5qrq-7973-5q87-823p-30pn7o308608@ynat.uz"><srss5qrq-7973-5q87-823p-30pn7o308608@ynat.uz></a><br
                        class="">
                      Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8";
                      Format="flowed"<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Amazon, youtube set explicitly to 4k (I didn't say
                      HDR)<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      David Lang<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      On Tue, 30 Apr 2024, Colin_Higbie wrote:<br
                        class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">Date: Tue, 30 Apr
                        2024 01:30:21 +0000<br class="">
                        From: Colin_Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CHigbie1@Higbie.name"><CHigbie1@Higbie.name></a><br
                          class="">
                        To: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm"><david@lang.hm></a><br class="">
                        Cc: <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a> <br
                          class="">
                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br
                          class="">
                        Subject: RE: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency, FCC<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Was that 4K HDR (not SDR) using the standard
                        protocols that <br class="">
                        streaming<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                      </blockquote>
                      services use (Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+,
                      etc.) or was it just some YouTube 4K SDR videos?
                      YouTube will show "HDR" on the gear icon for
                      content that's 4K HDR. If it only shows "4K"
                      instead of "HDR," then means it's SDR.<br class="">
                      Note that if YouTube, if left to the default of
                      Auto for streaming resolution it will also
                      automatically drop the quality to something that
                      fits within the bandwidth and most of the "4K"
                      content on YouTube is low-quality and not true UHD
                      content (even beyond missing HDR). For example,
                      many smartphones will record 4K video, but their
                      optics are not sufficient to actually have
                      distinct per-pixel image detail, meaning it
                      compresses down to a smaller image with no real
                      additional loss in picture quality, but only
                      because it's really a 4K UHD stream to begin with.<br
                        class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">Note that 4K
                        video compression codecs are lossy, so the lower
                        <br class="">
                        quality the<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                      </blockquote>
                      initial image, the lower the bandwidth needed to
                      convey the stream w/o additional quality loss. The
                      needed bandwidth also changes with scene
                      complexity. Falling confetti, like on Newy Year's
                      Eve or at the Super Bowl make for one of the most
                      demanding scenes. Lots of detailed fire and
                      explosions with fast-moving fast panning full
                      dynamic backgrounds are also tough for a
                      compressed signal to preserve (but not as hard as
                      a screen full of falling confetti).<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">I'm dubious that
                        8Mbps can handle that except for some of the <br
                          class="">
                        simplest<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                      </blockquote>
                      video, like cartoons or fairly static scenes like
                      the news. Those scenes don't require much data,
                      but that's not the case for all 4K HDR scenes by
                      any means.<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">It's obviously in
                        Netflix and the other streaming services'
                        interest <br class="">
                        to<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                      </blockquote>
                      be able to sell their more expensive 4K HDR
                      service to as many people as possible. There's a
                      reason they won't offer it to anyone with less
                      than 25Mbps – they don't want the complaints and
                      service calls. Now, to be fair, 4K HDR definitely
                      doesn’t typically require 25Mbps, but it's to
                      their credit that they do include a small
                      bandwidth buffer. In my experience monitoring
                      bandwidth usage for 4K HDR streaming, 15Mbps is
                      the minimum if doing nothing else and that will
                      frequently fall short, depending on the 4K HDR
                      content.<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">Cheers,<br
                          class="">
                        Colin<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        -----Original Message-----<br class="">
                        From: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm"><david@lang.hm></a><br
                          class="">
                        Sent: Monday, April 29, 2024 8:40 PM<br class="">
                        To: Colin Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:colin.higbie@scribl.com"><colin.higbie@scribl.com></a><br
                          class="">
                        Cc: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                        Subject: Re: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency, FCC<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        hmm, before my DSL got disconnected (the carrier
                        decided they didn't <br class="">
                        want<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                      </blockquote>
                      to support it any more), I could stream 4k at 8Mb
                      down if there <br class="">
                      wasn't too much other activity on the network
                      (doing so at 2x speed <br class="">
                      was a problem)<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">David Lang<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        On Fri, 15 Mar 2024, Colin Higbie via Starlink
                        wrote:<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">Date: Fri, 15
                          Mar 2024 18:32:36 +0000<br class="">
                          From: Colin Higbie via Starlink
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br
                            class="">
                          Reply-To: Colin Higbie
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:colin.higbie@scribl.com"><colin.higbie@scribl.com></a><br class="">
                          To: <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a> <br
                            class="">
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br
                            class="">
                          Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency, FCC<br
                            class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">I have now
                            been trying to break the common conflation
                            that <br class="">
                            download<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                      </blockquote>
                      "speed"<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">means
                            anything at all for day to day, minute to
                            minute, second to <br class="">
                            second, use, once you crack 10mbit, now, for
                            over 14 years. Am I <br class="">
                            succeeding? I lost the 25/10 battle, and
                            keep pointing at really <br class="">
                            terrible latency under load and wifi
                            weirdnesses for many existing<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                      </blockquote>
                      100/20 services today.<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">While I
                          completely agree that latency has bigger
                          impact on how<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                      </blockquote>
                      responsive the Internet feels to use, I do think
                      that 10Mbit is too low for some standard
                      applications regardless of latency: with the more
                      recent availability of 4K and higher streaming,
                      that does require a higher minimum bandwidth to
                      work at all. One could argue that no one NEEDS 4K
                      streaming, but many families would view this as an
                      important part of what they do with their Internet
                      (Starlink makes this reliably possible at our
                      farmhouse). 4K HDR-supporting TV's are among the
                      most popular TVs being purchased in the U.S.
                      today. Netflix, Amazon, Max, Disney and other
                      streaming services provide a substantial portion
                      of 4K HDR content.<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">So, I agree
                          that 25/10 is sufficient, for up to 4k HDR
                          streaming. <br class="">
                          100/20<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                      </blockquote>
                      would provide plenty of bandwidth for multiple
                      concurrent 4K users or a 1-2 8K streams.<br
                        class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">For me, not
                          claiming any special expertise on market
                          needs, just my <br class="">
                          own<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                      </blockquote>
                      personal assessment on what typical families will
                      need and care about:<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">Latency: below
                          50ms under load always feels good except for
                          some <br class="">
                          intensive gaming (I don't see any benefit to
                          getting loaded latency <br class="">
                          further below ~20ms for typical applications,
                          with an exception for <br class="">
                          cloud-based gaming that benefits with lower
                          latency all the way <br class="">
                          down to about 5ms for young, really fast
                          players, the rest of us <br class="">
                          won't be able to tell the difference)<br
                            class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Download Bandwidth: 10Mbps good enough if not
                          doing UHD video <br class="">
                          streaming<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Download Bandwidth: 25 - 100Mbps if doing UHD
                          video streaming, <br class="">
                          depending on # of streams or if wanting to be
                          ready for 8k<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Upload Bandwidth: 10Mbps good enough for
                          quality video <br class="">
                          conferencing, higher only needed for multiple
                          concurrent outbound <br class="">
                          streams<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          So, for example (and ignoring upload for
                          this), I would rather have<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                      </blockquote>
                      latency at 50ms (under load) and DL bandwidth of
                      25Mbps than latency of 1ms with a max bandwidth of
                      10Mbps, because the super-low latency doesn't
                      solve the problem with insufficient bandwidth to
                      watch 4K HDR content. But, I'd also rather have
                      latency of 20ms with 100Mbps DL, then latency that
                      exceeds 100ms under load with 1Gbps DL bandwidth.
                      I think the important thing is to reach "good
                      enough" on both, not just excel at one while
                      falling short of "good enough" on the other.<br
                        class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">Note that
                          Starlink handles all of this well, including
                          kids <br class="">
                          watching<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                      </blockquote>
                      YouTube while my wife and I watch 4K UHD Netflix,
                      except the upload speed occasionally tops at under
                      3Mbps for me, causing quality degradation for
                      outbound video calls (or used to, it seems to have
                      gotten better in recent months – no problems since
                      sometime in 2023).<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">Cheers,<br
                            class="">
                          Colin<br class="">
                          <br class="">
_______________________________________________<br class="">
                          Starlink mailing list<br class="">
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net">Starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/starlink">https://lists.bufferbloat.net/listinfo/starlink</a><br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        <br class="">
                      </blockquote>
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                  <br class="">
                  ------------------------------<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  Message: 2<br class="">
                  Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2024 16:40:58 +0200<br class="">
                  From: Alexandre Petrescu <<a
                    href="mailto:alexandre.petrescu@gmail.com"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">alexandre.petrescu@gmail.com</a>><br
                    class="">
                  To: Sebastian Moeller <<a
                    href="mailto:moeller0@gmx.de"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">moeller0@gmx.de</a>><br
                    class="">
                  Cc: Hesham ElBakoury via Starlink <<a
                    href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>><br
                    class="">
                  Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency, FCC<br
                    class="">
                  Message-ID: <<a
href="mailto:727b07d9-9dc3-43b7-8e17-50b6b7a4444a@gmail.com"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">727b07d9-9dc3-43b7-8e17-50b6b7a4444a@gmail.com</a>><br
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                  <br class="">
                  Le 30/04/2024 à 16:32, Sebastian Moeller a écrit :<br
                    class="">
                  <blockquote type="cite" class="">Hi Alexandre,<br
                      class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <blockquote type="cite" class="">On 30. Apr 2024, at
                      16:25, Alexandre Petrescu via Starlink <<a
                        href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                        class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                      wrote:<br class="">
                      <br class="">
                      Colin,<br class="">
                      8K usefulness over 4K: the higher the resolution
                      the more it will be possible to zoom in into
                      paused images.  It is one of the advantages.
                       People dont do that a lot these days but why not
                      in the future.<br class="">
                    </blockquote>
                    [SM] Because that is how in the past we envisioned
                    the future, see here <a
                      href="h++ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHwjceFcF2Q"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                      moz-do-not-send="true">h++ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHwjceFcF2Q</a>
                    'enhance'...<br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <blockquote type="cite" class="">Spotify lower
                      quality than CD and still usable: one would check
                      not Spotify, but other services for audiophiles;
                      some of these use 'DSD' formats which go way
                      beyond the so called high-def audio of 384khz
                      sampling freqs.  They dont 'stream' but download.
                       It is these higher-than-384khz sampling rates
                      equivalent (e.g. DSD1024 is the equivalent of, I
                      think of something like 10 times CD quality, I
                      think).  If Spotify is the king of streamers, in
                      the future other companies might become the kings
                      of something else than 'streaming', a name yet to
                      be invented.<br class="">
                      For each of them, it is true, normal use will not
                      expose any more advantage than the previous
                      version (no advantage of 8K over 4K, no advantage
                      of 88KHz DVD audio over CD, etc) - yet the
                      progress is ongoing on and on, and nobody comes
                      back to CD or to DVD audio or to SD (standard
                      definition video).<br class="">
                      Finally, 8K and DSD per se are requirements of
                      just bandwidth.  The need of latency should be
                      exposed there, and that is not straightforward.
                       But higher bandwidths will come with lower
                      latencies anyways.<br class="">
                    </blockquote>
                    [SM] How that? Capacity and latency are largely
                    independent... think a semi truck full of harddisks
                    from NYC to LA has decent capacity/'bandwidth' but
                    lousy latency...<br class="">
                  </blockquote>
                  <br class="">
                  I agree with you: two distinct parameters, bandwidth
                  and latency.  But they evolve simultenously,
                  relatively bound by a constant relationship. For any
                  particular link  technology (satcom is one) the
                  bandwidth and latency are in a constant relationship. 
                  One grows, the other diminishes.  There are exceptions
                  too, in some details.<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  (as for the truck full of harddisks, and jumbo jets
                  full of DVDs - they are just concepts: striking good
                  examples of how enormous bandwidths are possible, but
                  still to see in practice; physicsts also talked about
                  a train transported by a train transported by a train
                  and so on, to overcome the speed of light: another
                  striking example, but not in practice).<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  Alex<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  <blockquote type="cite" class=""><br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    <blockquote type="cite" class="">The quest of
                      latency requirements might be, in fact, a quest to
                      see how one could use that low latency technology
                      that is possible and available anyways.<br
                        class="">
                      Alex<br class="">
                      Le 30/04/2024 à 16:00, Colin_Higbie via Starlink a
                      écrit :<br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">David Fernández,
                        those bitrates are safe numbers, but many
                        streams could get by with less at those
                        resolutions. H.265 compression is at a variable
                        bit rate with simpler scenes requiring less
                        bandwidth. Note that 4K with HDR (30 bits per
                        pixel rather than 24) consistently also fits
                        within 25Mbps.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        David Lang, HDR is a requirement for 4K
                        programming. That is not to say that all 4K
                        streams are in HDR, but in setting a required
                        bandwidth, because 4K signals can include HDR,
                        the required bandwidth must accommodate and
                        allow for HDR. That said, I believe all modern
                        4K programming on Netflix and Amazon Prime is
                        HDR. Note David Fernández' point that Spain
                        independently reached the same conclusion as the
                        US streaming services of 25Mbps requirement for
                        4K.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Visually, to a person watching and assuming an
                        OLED (or microLED) display capable of showing
                        the full color and contrast gamut of HDR (LCD
                        can't really do it justice, even with miniLED
                        backlighting), the move to HDR from SDR is more
                        meaningful in most situations than the move from
                        1080p to 4K. I don't believe going to further
                        resolutions, scenes beyond 4K (e.g., 8K), will
                        add anything meaningful to a movie or television
                        viewer over 4K. Video games could benefit from
                        the added resolution, but lens aberration in
                        cameras along with focal length and limited
                        depth of field render blurriness of even a sharp
                        picture greater than the pixel size in most
                        scenes beyond about 4K - 5.5K. Video games don’t
                        suffer this problem because those scenes are
                        rendered, eliminating problems from camera
                        lenses. So video games may still benefit from 8K
                        resolution, but streaming programming won’t.<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        There is precedent for this in the audio
                        streaming world: audio streaming bitrates have
                        retracted from prior peaks. Even though 48kHz
                        and higher bitrate audio available on DVD is
                        superior to the audio quality of 44.1kHz CDs,
                        Spotify and Apple and most other streaming
                        services stream music at LOWER quality than CD.
                        It’s good enough for most people to not notice
                        the difference. I don’t see much push in the
                        foreseeable future for programming beyond UHD
                        (4K + HDR). That’s not to say never, but there’s
                        no real benefit to it with current camera tech
                        and screen sizes.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Conclusion: for video streaming needs over the
                        next decade or so, 25Mbps should be appropriate.
                        As David Fernández rightly points out, H.266 and
                        other future protocols will improve compression
                        capabilities and reduce bandwidth needs at any
                        given resolution and color bit depth, adding a
                        bit more headroom for small improvements.<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Cheers,<br class="">
                        Colin<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        -----Original Message-----<br class="">
                        From: Starlink <<a
href="mailto:starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                          class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                          moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-bounces@lists.bufferbloat.net</a>>
                        On Behalf Of <br class="">
                        <a
href="mailto:starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net"
                          class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
                          moz-do-not-send="true">starlink-request@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br
                          class="">
                        Sent: Tuesday, April 30, 2024 9:31 AM<br
                          class="">
                        To: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                        Subject: Starlink Digest, Vol 37, Issue 9<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Message: 2<br class="">
                        Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2024 11:54:20 +0200<br
                          class="">
                        From: David Fernández
                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:davidfdzp@gmail.com"><davidfdzp@gmail.com></a><br class="">
                        To: starlink
                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br
                          class="">
                        Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency, FCC<br
                          class="">
                        Message-ID:<br class="">
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CAC=tZ0rrmWJUNLvGupw6K8ogADcYLq-eyW7Bjb209oNDWGfVSA@mail.gmail.com"><CAC=tZ0rrmWJUNLvGupw6K8ogADcYLq-eyW7Bjb209oNDWGfVSA@mail.gmail.com></a><br
                          class="">
                        Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Last February, TV broadcasting in Spain left
                        behind SD definitively and moved to HD as
                        standard quality, also starting to regularly
                        broadcast a channel with 4K quality.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        A 4K video (2160p) at 30 frames per second,
                        handled with the HEVC compression codec (H.265),
                        and using 24 bits per pixel, requires 25 Mbit/s.<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Full HD video (1080p) requires 10 Mbit/s.<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        For lots of 4K video encoded at < 20 Mbit/s,
                        it may be hard to distinguish it visually from
                        the HD version of the same video (this was also
                        confirmed by SBTVD Forum Tests).<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Then, 8K will come, eventually, requiring a
                        minimum of ~32 Mbit/s:<br class="">
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dvb.org/news/new-generation-of-terrestrial-services-taking-s">https://dvb.org/news/new-generation-of-terrestrial-services-taking-s</a><br
                          class="">
                        hape-in-europe<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        The latest codec VVC (H.266) may reduce the
                        required data rates by at least 27%, at the
                        expense of more computing power required, but
                        somehow it is claimed it will be more energy
                        efficient.<br class="">
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://dvb.org/news/dvb-prepares-the-way-for-advanced-4k-and-8k-bro">https://dvb.org/news/dvb-prepares-the-way-for-advanced-4k-and-8k-bro</a><br
                          class="">
                        adcast-and-broadband-television<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Regards,<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        David<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2024 19:16:27 -0700 (PDT)<br
                          class="">
                        From: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm"><david@lang.hm></a><br
                          class="">
                        To: Colin_Higbie <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CHigbie1@Higbie.name"><CHigbie1@Higbie.name></a><br
                          class="">
                        Cc: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm"><david@lang.hm></a>,
                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a><br class="">
                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br
                          class="">
                        Subject: Re: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency, FCC<br
                          class="">
                        Message-ID:
                        <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:srss5qrq-7973-5q87-823p-30pn7o308608@ynat.uz"><srss5qrq-7973-5q87-823p-30pn7o308608@ynat.uz></a><br
                          class="">
                        Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8";
                        Format="flowed"<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Amazon, youtube set explicitly to 4k (I didn't
                        say HDR)<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        David Lang<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        On Tue, 30 Apr 2024, Colin_Higbie wrote:<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">Date: Tue, 30
                          Apr 2024 01:30:21 +0000<br class="">
                          From: Colin_Higbie
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:CHigbie1@Higbie.name"><CHigbie1@Higbie.name></a><br class="">
                          To: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm"><david@lang.hm></a><br
                            class="">
                          Cc: <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a> <br
                            class="">
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br
                            class="">
                          Subject: RE: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency, FCC<br
                            class="">
                          <br class="">
                          Was that 4K HDR (not SDR) using the standard
                          protocols that <br class="">
                          streaming<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        services use (Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+,
                        etc.) or was it just some YouTube 4K SDR videos?
                        YouTube will show "HDR" on the gear icon for
                        content that's 4K HDR. If it only shows "4K"
                        instead of "HDR," then means it's SDR.<br
                          class="">
                        Note that if YouTube, if left to the default of
                        Auto for streaming resolution it will also
                        automatically drop the quality to something that
                        fits within the bandwidth and most of the "4K"
                        content on YouTube is low-quality and not true
                        UHD content (even beyond missing HDR). For
                        example, many smartphones will record 4K video,
                        but their optics are not sufficient to actually
                        have distinct per-pixel image detail, meaning it
                        compresses down to a smaller image with no real
                        additional loss in picture quality, but only
                        because it's really a 4K UHD stream to begin
                        with.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">Note that 4K
                          video compression codecs are lossy, so the
                          lower <br class="">
                          quality the<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        initial image, the lower the bandwidth needed to
                        convey the stream w/o additional quality loss.
                        The needed bandwidth also changes with scene
                        complexity. Falling confetti, like on Newy
                        Year's Eve or at the Super Bowl make for one of
                        the most demanding scenes. Lots of detailed fire
                        and explosions with fast-moving fast panning
                        full dynamic backgrounds are also tough for a
                        compressed signal to preserve (but not as hard
                        as a screen full of falling confetti).<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">I'm dubious
                          that 8Mbps can handle that except for some of
                          the <br class="">
                          simplest<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        video, like cartoons or fairly static scenes
                        like the news. Those scenes don't require much
                        data, but that's not the case for all 4K HDR
                        scenes by any means.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">It's obviously
                          in Netflix and the other streaming services' <br
                            class="">
                          interest to<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        be able to sell their more expensive 4K HDR
                        service to as many people as possible. There's a
                        reason they won't offer it to anyone with less
                        than 25Mbps – they don't want the complaints and
                        service calls. Now, to be fair, 4K HDR
                        definitely doesn’t typically require 25Mbps, but
                        it's to their credit that they do include a
                        small bandwidth buffer. In my experience
                        monitoring bandwidth usage for 4K HDR streaming,
                        15Mbps is the minimum if doing nothing else and
                        that will frequently fall short, depending on
                        the 4K HDR content.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">Cheers,<br
                            class="">
                          Colin<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          -----Original Message-----<br class="">
                          From: David Lang <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:david@lang.hm"><david@lang.hm></a><br
                            class="">
                          Sent: Monday, April 29, 2024 8:40 PM<br
                            class="">
                          To: Colin Higbie
                          <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:colin.higbie@scribl.com"><colin.higbie@scribl.com></a><br class="">
                          Cc: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net">starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net</a><br class="">
                          Subject: Re: [Starlink] Itʼs the Latency, FCC<br
                            class="">
                          <br class="">
                          hmm, before my DSL got disconnected (the
                          carrier decided they <br class="">
                          didn't want<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        to support it any more), I could stream 4k at
                        8Mb down if there <br class="">
                        wasn't too much other activity on the network
                        (doing so at 2x speed <br class="">
                        was a problem)<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">David Lang<br
                            class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          On Fri, 15 Mar 2024, Colin Higbie via Starlink
                          wrote:<br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <br class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">Date: Fri, 15
                            Mar 2024 18:32:36 +0000<br class="">
                            From: Colin Higbie via Starlink
                            <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br
                              class="">
                            Reply-To: Colin Higbie
                            <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:colin.higbie@scribl.com"><colin.higbie@scribl.com></a><br class="">
                            To: <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net">"starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"</a> <br
                              class="">
                            <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net"><starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net></a><br
                              class="">
                            Subject: Re: [Starlink] It’s the Latency,
                            FCC<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">I have now
                              been trying to break the common conflation
                              that <br class="">
                              download<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                            </blockquote>
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        "speed"<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">means
                              anything at all for day to day, minute to
                              minute, second to <br class="">
                              second, use, once you crack 10mbit, now,
                              for over 14 years. Am I <br class="">
                              succeeding? I lost the 25/10 battle, and
                              keep pointing at really <br class="">
                              terrible latency under load and wifi
                              weirdnesses for many <br class="">
                              existing<br class="">
                              <br class="">
                            </blockquote>
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        100/20 services today.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">While I
                            completely agree that latency has bigger
                            impact on how<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        responsive the Internet feels to use, I do think
                        that 10Mbit is too low for some standard
                        applications regardless of latency: with the
                        more recent availability of 4K and higher
                        streaming, that does require a higher minimum
                        bandwidth to work at all. One could argue that
                        no one NEEDS 4K streaming, but many families
                        would view this as an important part of what
                        they do with their Internet (Starlink makes this
                        reliably possible at our farmhouse). 4K
                        HDR-supporting TV's are among the most popular
                        TVs being purchased in the U.S. today. Netflix,
                        Amazon, Max, Disney and other streaming services
                        provide a substantial portion of 4K HDR content.<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">So, I agree
                            that 25/10 is sufficient, for up to 4k HDR
                            streaming.<br class="">
                            100/20<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        would provide plenty of bandwidth for multiple
                        concurrent 4K users or a 1-2 8K streams.<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">For me, not
                            claiming any special expertise on market
                            needs, just <br class="">
                            my own<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        personal assessment on what typical families
                        will need and care about:<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">Latency:
                            below 50ms under load always feels good
                            except for some <br class="">
                            intensive gaming (I don't see any benefit to
                            getting loaded <br class="">
                            latency further below ~20ms for typical
                            applications, with an <br class="">
                            exception for cloud-based gaming that
                            benefits with lower latency <br class="">
                            all the way down to about 5ms for young,
                            really fast players, the <br class="">
                            rest of us won't be able to tell the
                            difference)<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            Download Bandwidth: 10Mbps good enough if
                            not doing UHD video <br class="">
                            streaming<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            Download Bandwidth: 25 - 100Mbps if doing
                            UHD video streaming, <br class="">
                            depending on # of streams or if wanting to
                            be ready for 8k<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            Upload Bandwidth: 10Mbps good enough for
                            quality video <br class="">
                            conferencing, higher only needed for
                            multiple concurrent outbound <br class="">
                            streams<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                            So, for example (and ignoring upload for
                            this), I would rather <br class="">
                            have<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        latency at 50ms (under load) and DL bandwidth of
                        25Mbps than latency of 1ms with a max bandwidth
                        of 10Mbps, because the super-low latency doesn't
                        solve the problem with insufficient bandwidth to
                        watch 4K HDR content. But, I'd also rather have
                        latency of 20ms with 100Mbps DL, then latency
                        that exceeds 100ms under load with 1Gbps DL
                        bandwidth. I think the important thing is to
                        reach "good enough" on both, not just excel at
                        one while falling short of "good enough" on the
                        other.<br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">Note that
                            Starlink handles all of this well, including
                            kids <br class="">
                            watching<br class="">
                            <br class="">
                          </blockquote>
                        </blockquote>
                        YouTube while my wife and I watch 4K UHD
                        Netflix, except the upload speed occasionally
                        tops at under 3Mbps for me, causing quality
                        degradation for outbound video calls (or used
                        to, it seems to have gotten better in recent
                        months – no problems since sometime in 2023).<br
                          class="">
                        <br class="">
                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">Cheers,<br
                              class="">
                            Colin<br class="">
                            <br class="">
_______________________________________________<br class="">
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                          </blockquote>
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                  <br class="">
                  ------------------------------<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                  Subject: Digest Footer<br class="">
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                  End of Starlink Digest, Vol 37, Issue 11<br class="">
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