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charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable MIME-Version: 1.0 X-OriginatorOrg: higbie.name X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthAs: Internal X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-AuthSource: BN7PPF7A8514BAD.namprd16.prod.outlook.com X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-Network-Message-Id: 7d8ad4f3-f275-4747-2cb1-08de547fe93d X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-originalarrivaltime: 15 Jan 2026 21:49:08.3832 (UTC) X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-fromentityheader: Hosted X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-id: 223bbcd9-6252-452c-afb2-140040991a08 X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-mailboxtype: HOSTED X-MS-Exchange-CrossTenant-userprincipalname: Ck8bjFQFFc7YkYaREx7TEbs4Pw7tMF1W9EImYtkF5LPgP9J2H0BbteEqK5r3C6YDhj7YxLTmlxJs5EYR8rwd4Q== X-MS-Exchange-Transport-CrossTenantHeadersStamped: SJ5PPF0477BCC7B Message-ID-Hash: NY57O2NGVH3ZLINRJIKQOGUBWQE4CBME X-Message-ID-Hash: NY57O2NGVH3ZLINRJIKQOGUBWQE4CBME X-MailFrom: CHigbie1@Higbie.name X-Mailman-Rule-Misses: dmarc-mitigation; no-senders; approved; loop; banned-address; emergency; member-moderation; nonmember-moderation; administrivia; implicit-dest; max-recipients; max-size; news-moderation; no-subject; digests; suspicious-header X-Mailman-Version: 3.3.10 Precedence: list Subject: [Starlink] Re: Starlink and Iran List-Id: "Starlink has bufferbloat. Bad." Archived-At: List-Archive: List-Help: List-Owner: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: Ulrich, thanks. That's a great description and you're right that I had not = appreciated how much more directional these are today (in fact, in the ear= ly military applications, before it was available in cell phones, the lack = of directionality was important to protect our teams from being located, ev= en as they were transmitting from close to an enemy location). However, this creates a follow-up question: working as you describe, which = I accept as correct, why the big concern from Jeff Bezos and others about t= he sky coverage of the Starlink LEO constellation making it tough for them?= If the signal is as hyperdirectional as you've described (also saw your la= ser pointer example in response to Hayden Simon), I would think that means = very low risk of significant interference between two nearby layers of sate= llites. Even with thousands zipping around the Earth, I would think the pro= bability is quite low of any two of them being on the same line to a home d= ish. What kind of interference are Starlink's competitors complaining about= ? Is it that while it's tight beam, it's still not *that* tight, so if they= 're within a few miles of each other, that's enough to trigger interference= ? Thanks, Colin -----Original Message----- From: Ulrich Speidel via Starlink Sent: Friday, 16 January 2026 9:27 am To: starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net Subject: [Starlink] Re: Starlink and Iran On 16/01/2026 6:42 am, Colin_Higbie via Starlink wrote: > Can't the traditional approach of just flooding the air with noise reduce= the SNR to the point that most packets are indecipherable? I don't believe= this requires a digital or technically advanced approach nor a focus on GP= S or anything else so specific, just sufficient power and ability to broadc= ast fully across the same spectrum bands to drown out the valid signals. St= arlink, like cellular technology, uses excellent methods to operate amidst = a lot of noise and find its packets, but it's still not immune to noise. > > Iran is a large area, and probably the government lacks the ability to bl= ock the entire nation simultaneously, but I would think they could drown ou= t the signal in specific geographic regions, effectively jamming the signal= entirely or almost entirely in those areas. > > Perhaps some of the cellular or satcom experts here can expand on or corr= ect me if I'm mistaken. My physics knowledge on this has not updated much s= ince the original spread spectrum work decades ago. The original spread spectrum work concerned much much lower frequencies (in= the MHz rather than the GHz) and the physics that goes with lower frequenc= ies (not just spread spectrum) is that at the time, jamming was mostly used= against receivers with fairly omnidirectional antennas.=20 Read: It doesn't really matter where you transmit your interfering signal f= rom - the receiver will hear it. It also helps that the (free space) path loss of RF signals is proportional to the square of the frequen= cy, so low frequency means you can hit a receiver over a substantial distan= ce with relatively little power. Starlink is a different ballgame: It operates in Ku-band above 10 GHz.=20 This means highly directional antennas - so you literally need to transmit = into the receive beam from the beam's preferred direction to be able to jam= at all. Plus having to invest more power to bridge the distance means that= flooding just isn't an option here. -- **************************************************************** Dr. Ulrich Speidel School of Computer Science Room 303S.594 (City Campus) The University of Auckland u.speidel@auckland.ac.nz http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~ulrich/ ****************************************************************