From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: from mail-pg1-x536.google.com (mail-pg1-x536.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::536]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 (128/128 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by lists.bufferbloat.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 7CE9D3CB37 for ; Sat, 2 Mar 2024 10:03:40 -0500 (EST) Received: by mail-pg1-x536.google.com with SMTP id 41be03b00d2f7-517ab9a4a13so2581043a12.1 for ; Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:03:40 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20230601; t=1709391819; x=1709996619; darn=lists.bufferbloat.net; h=to:subject:message-id:date:from:mime-version:from:to:cc:subject :date:message-id:reply-to; bh=OjK5XLeJ+yh+OYgwJnFsa1kJGQAqkSzB66DQUfZ1fXA=; b=CB4L2WSNWlta7kv9WbCF1wn9MbAnzJJo2V32+NHqGbtaMFr2rSN/hKn5liKIgboHXi gHBBBBWkkk8FRCycwEycHj9Z0U2Bkt/s74Z82jgjNTURgMcTWwr8DHTye3cVQHwoliby FjEVJS61Evex3JxrmU+Gam04XGR/UYAuPEsfbpTZM36iHpilVPCy9n0NN1tkjZ0EVRx3 xYujkTb5rYUSD21fyCLI8cUS/6AkpmQU7p53EXvkoZbmMgRLkW67k1+axcCGMwst5dMo d3sJvE0zh2/QtfGyyUTDALdTMZ2wFBGXAzFYJnbzNz3NShTTDe4itT729Z4fUo4xBw8R rzTA== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20230601; t=1709391819; x=1709996619; h=to:subject:message-id:date:from:mime-version:x-gm-message-state :from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:reply-to; bh=OjK5XLeJ+yh+OYgwJnFsa1kJGQAqkSzB66DQUfZ1fXA=; b=sOARyGAnnY+mpVwHvYoRoqu4QqwG2qPgVe1AZeN/dwdceOi6qRpSXYmgUz1T9ZbvRn KRvL+IoFUBDaJOU9daAREzi0GjLZZXOVQTv1J4I2NgGJ0psDVKwrwyaWKqbPdGAtQmRp 4WjoAb1OoQY6FAr+1Cg7fQWg/bRTKC6bC5W/EGsairfBcFc7fD/0mjde+xp+A3hPOb4r ldEtNJ/0XZ7tGYwJ7YO4DWtsKEvWF6YVQplKohSkR/8Sj2I+dX+V7FoPlqoMrXkK2mUF syU8F+elwoXWKojOhJlrLQ3wtpLlfVUJ6SH+YYrZYKlxJoKw/wOFiFtIDUSRk8WytsQJ VYGg== X-Gm-Message-State: AOJu0YzevZuzBBDeWFTdTvWVeCk8wAgcyJazQOwaHgYJuzVzk8TdG+6L nSJ9sD+Dv0xE4pQSxf8RjH7KdpW07O0LTB9csrZ3kNdyBs0gUXY6pQQbHuhur6AGxsYj8jrzixp QybKqQF4k6d0ctGx+G5yNJ6rAR+bRIc/m X-Google-Smtp-Source: AGHT+IEN7If0r+Rpx2tPViovbReU1jt1nIvcLl91Be/WnYslAMRJk+Lh9vVRjHuSwIzUprpzWAY2p69AKfmd3a6JdiI= X-Received: by 2002:a17:90b:889:b0:299:87ba:8a2 with SMTP id bj9-20020a17090b088900b0029987ba08a2mr3955486pjb.41.1709391818989; Sat, 02 Mar 2024 07:03:38 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 From: Hesham ElBakoury Date: Sat, 2 Mar 2024 07:03:25 -0800 Message-ID: To: Dave Taht via Starlink Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="00000000000027295c0612aeccc8" Subject: [Starlink] Time Synchronization in Satellite Networks X-BeenThere: starlink@lists.bufferbloat.net X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.20 Precedence: list List-Id: "Starlink has bufferbloat. Bad." List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sat, 02 Mar 2024 15:03:40 -0000 --00000000000027295c0612aeccc8 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Time synchronization, for satellite networks, faces several challenges: 1. Signal Propagation Delays: Unlike terrestrial networks where signals travel through cables at the speed of light, satellite communication involves signals traveling vast distances through space. This creates significant delays. 2. Clock Drift: Even highly precise atomic clocks, used in satellites, are susceptible to "drift" - gradually losing or gaining time. This drift, caused by factors like temperature variations, radiation exposure, and power fluctuations, can lead to inconsistencies in timekeeping across the network. 3. Signal Degradation: As signals travel through space, they can degrade due to factors like atmospheric interference, ionospheric disturbances, and solar activity. This degradation can introduce noise and errors, impacting the accuracy of time synchronization messages. 4. Limited Resources: Satellites have limited power and processing capabilities. Implementing complex synchronization protocols can be resource-intensive, requiring careful optimization to minimize their impact on other functionalities. 5. Evolving Technologies: As satellite technologies and applications continue to evolve, new challenges related to synchronization might emerge. For example, the integration of constellations with thousands of satellites poses unique synchronization challenges due to the sheer scale and complexity of the network. These challenges necessitate the development of robust and efficient time synchronization protocols for satellite networks and an integrated satellite and terrestrial networks Are you aware of such time synchronization protocols? I would think that using Satellite simulators is the most viable way to develop and test these protocols given that using satellites is not that easy. Thanks Hesham --00000000000027295c0612aeccc8 Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Time sy= nchronization, for satellite networks, faces several challenges:

1. Signal Propagation Delays: Unlike t= errestrial networks where signals travel through cables at the speed of lig= ht, satellite communication involves signals traveling vast distances throu= gh space. This creates significant delays.

2. Clock Drift: Even highly precise atomic clocks, used in satel= lites, are susceptible to "drift" - gradually losing or gaining = time. This drift, caused by factors like temperature variations, radiation = exposure, and power fluctuations, can lead to inconsistencies in timekeepin= g across the network.

3. Signal Degrada= tion: As signals travel through space, they can degrade due to facto= rs like atmospheric interference, ionospheric disturbances, and solar activ= ity. This degradation can introduce noise and errors, impacting the accurac= y of time synchronization messages.=C2=A0

4. Limited Resources: Satellites have limited power and processin= g capabilities. Implementing complex synchronization protocols can be resou= rce-intensive, requiring careful optimization to minimize their impact on o= ther functionalities.

5. Evolving Techn= ologies: As satellite technologies and applications continue to evol= ve, new challenges related to synchronization might emerge. For example, th= e integration of constellations with thousands of satellites poses unique s= ynchronization challenges due to the sheer scale and complexity of the netw= ork.

These challenges necessitate the development of robu= st and efficient time synchronization protocols for satellite networks and = an integrated satellite and=C2=A0 terrestrial networks

Ar= e you aware of such time synchronization protocols?

I wou= ld think that using Satellite simulators is the most viable way to develop = and test these protocols given that using satellites is not that easy.

<= p style=3D"background-image:none;background-position:0% 0%;background-size:= auto;background-repeat:repeat;background-origin:padding-box;background-clip= :border-box;border:0px none rgb(31,31,31);direction:ltr;float:none;font-var= iant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-alternates:= normal;font-kerning:auto;font-feature-settings:normal;font-stretch:normal;l= ine-height:24px;margin:16px 0px;outline:rgb(31,31,31) none 0px;padding:0px;= speak:normal">Thanks

Hesham




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