From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Authentication-Results: mail.toke.dk; spf=pass smtp.mailfrom=; dkim=fail; arc=none (Message is not ARC signed); dmarc=fail (Used From Domain Record) header.from=uvic.ca policy.dmarc=none Received: from mail-yx1-f52.google.com (mail-yx1-f52.google.com [74.125.224.52]) by mail.toke.dk (Postfix) with ESMTPS id A9C6D726EAD for ; Wed, 01 Oct 2025 19:40:27 +0200 (CEST) Received: by mail-yx1-f52.google.com with SMTP id 956f58d0204a3-6354a4b4871so219349d50.2 for ; Wed, 01 Oct 2025 10:40:27 -0700 (PDT) X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20230601; t=1759340426; x=1759945226; h=content-transfer-encoding:cc:to:subject:message-id:date:from :in-reply-to:references:mime-version:x-gm-message-state:from:to:cc :subject:date:message-id:reply-to; bh=eBEy9IlcaraVFgNt0myRdb3QFd6EY9o3dEd29/wL23A=; b=r6587ZdH8aDDEE6b2kVDaHQ9sPUZ7lAoRE/pDYumC1nqSB3cxl0JGEqzm+IJIECXzx /XAuxegvjLFnbEQJimclpWPd+31qgh3b6qz92naq6dNd288BRtVpJcdgnhChD31F19+U M387hk8gYml5Jh//tOHCmBfWltoCz6DukZSuNjoA22mwrVWs+jJUC39y3Ft27uIuakJO 6cQl3e4z5UO++LgpQmR+wNhkG2WijSxA97rK/zdGxf5Z91HiKezSnjOIzznpYi9Vwcme xNnSBOy8V+95tT25jnUyjwJKYEzqtPbC0mCZqYRhbJ13DIh8jMQYP2htKF1bIv1tqy5y 1ylQ== X-Forwarded-Encrypted: i=1; AJvYcCVn2vgCGGg9rOKE8XudqLuF+Rgd7DiR/fLczXd/GLoWm2X1TL6e9GNgv/m+clKeTAlWNCrSljhvzw==@lists.bufferbloat.net X-Gm-Message-State: AOJu0Yz+ketED81NYYYYlEQIM8QXQumX14vc05IEMts1OVjYhkpKOfkg dWjLwaWA6hd+giYxmmK4lZ2FoJP+TcIbWjdUUxTU87ATcQdIwmSqh9HTUqlPhQCtEXDaByTPT1E BRMTQTeIMsMsKWl0QyFHhmCaK4//3944= X-Gm-Gg: ASbGncutwPoozEcylQu6O5TeSRLfFAkztFMUZFysckgJNR6Qd4yqlp3OaR4pm6FiISC AnERTjJvliJrakyEtT9e3G/Dth0zbwNwMeWjSxHJzKTplGsyPZcH3d1Nw6d+FFHWLwJxMM/LLZA wQwYzxlRY4nzVu+1DmJUB+B1cebAUKDomYBpc3D2FSwcgoysl2NZzpW0NLFyPF/1O1jXjK1m70G kW3EJhuvRp2N+8Oyb7X0KQxL30fPFA= X-Google-Smtp-Source: AGHT+IFckJfc5WOFTzRfRk9MEUgb4v8bGfFf8H/flKmry8ZcY/qFLDN705UFLRiG7ONp02WPqN+T+Ek6v49VNS51nMk= X-Received: by 2002:a53:ec0d:0:b0:5f3:315d:900b with SMTP id 956f58d0204a3-63b6ff8473dmr3682456d50.38.1759340425963; Wed, 01 Oct 2025 10:40:25 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 References: <23116.1759337190@obiwan.sandelman.ca> In-Reply-To: <23116.1759337190@obiwan.sandelman.ca> From: J Pan Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2025 10:40:14 -0700 X-Gm-Features: AS18NWC2G5n4GFSs-AmFU64WhwoKQqB1QYQBklRvkPIgrl7HDSZU7xZCxiiJpBM Message-ID: To: Michael Richardson Cc: Frantisek Borsik , Dave Taht via Starlink Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Message-ID-Hash: 6EAPMRQ2F3EFFRBFKPNUBZ3CI273RJVN X-Message-ID-Hash: 6EAPMRQ2F3EFFRBFKPNUBZ3CI273RJVN X-MailFrom: panatuvicdotca@gmail.com X-Mailman-Rule-Misses: dmarc-mitigation; no-senders; approved; loop; banned-address; emergency; member-moderation; nonmember-moderation; administrivia; implicit-dest; max-recipients; max-size; news-moderation; no-subject; digests; suspicious-header X-Mailman-Version: 3.3.10 Precedence: list Subject: [Starlink] Re: Lost in Space: The Limits of Geolocation in a Satellite-Connected World (new article from Geoff Huston) List-Id: "Starlink has bufferbloat. Bad." Archived-At: List-Archive: List-Help: List-Owner: List-Post: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: 100.64/10 is starlink's ipv4 access network. from the user side, user router will get a unique 100.64/10 address on its wan side, and its cgnat gateway is always fixed at 100.64.0.1. from the user 100.64/10 (100.76.147.112 in my victoria dish example) to 100.64.0.1, it's a "long ip hop", since it's over the satellites and landing ground station, which is under user ip traffic. for users with public ip address on their router, 100.64/10 and 100.64.0.1 are replaced by the corresponding public ipv4 address, respectively, but still over the long space-ground tunnel for ipv6, the user router has a global ipv6 address (part of its ipv6 access network) with slaac on its wan port, and a /56 prefix delegation on its lan side for the router to distribute further the space and ground tunnel, under the user ipv4 or ipv6 traffic, might be ipv6 or mpls-alike, and starlink does use mpls tunnels in its ground backbone to reach its users at a given pop -- J Pan, UVic CSc, ECS566, 250-472-5796 (NO VM), Pan@UVic.CA, Web.UVic.CA/~pa= n On Wed, Oct 1, 2025 at 9:46=E2=80=AFAM Michael Richardson wrote: > > Dr. Pan, I am still confused by the presences/need of the CGNAT layer in > Starlink, vs your slides saying that it's "one big IPv4 hop" > > Is that the IPv4 100.x on the outside of the customer's access point? > Are they unique within Starlink, or unique to each Landing Station? > Gosh, I wish they had just done one of the v4-over-v6 mechanisms. > > -- > ] Never tell me the odds! | ipv6 mesh netwo= rks [ > ] Michael Richardson, Sandelman Software Works | IoT architec= t [ > ] mcr@sandelman.ca http://www.sandelman.ca/ | ruby on rails= [ >