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Bad." List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2024 23:42:59 -0000 Word from Tonga Cable that the break on the domestic cable was fixed on Friday. This time, it was a much smaller slip and no significant amount of cable was lost, they used about 4 km of spares (owing almost entirely to the deployment depth and the need for slack during the repair). They are currently considering two alternative routes from Tongatapu to Ha'apai, but this needs a marine survey, and getting a spur coming in to Vava'u from the Hawaiki cable currently has priority. They hope that that spur should be in place by about September next year. On 31/08/2024 7:35 pm, Ulrich Speidel wrote: > Howdy all, > > There were quite a few folk on this list a couple of years back who > were interested in what was happening to Internet in Tonga after the > big volcanic eruption there. I'm not sure where I left off. > > To re-cap, Tonga lost about 90 km of its international connection to > Fiji at the time (a few dozen km of that could be recovered), and an > amount of cable of similar magnitude on the Tonga Domestic Cable > Extension (TDCE) that ran a fibre pair each to both Vava'u and Ha'apai > from the main island Tongatapu. The TDCE is one of the longer > unrepeatered stretches of submarine cable in the world and runs in a > submarine trench just downhill from the Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai > volcano and its siblings in the chain. Simulations at the timed showed > that this trench likely received a large amount of the material that > was ejected from the volcano, likely several cubic kilometres, and > acted as a kind of gutter that guided the material away from the > volcano in turbidity flows stretching over hundreds of km. At the > time, the cable ship sent to repair was unable to repair the TDCE for > lack of spare cable - nothing was recoverable from the seafloor, and > there was not enough spare cable in the South Pacific to bridge the gap. > > Spare cable was ordered from France and was installed middle of 2023, > restoring the TDCE to service. > > Then, on 29 June 2024, an earthquake near the volcanoes caused yet > more debris to descend on the cable, obliterating 13.7 km of it and > cutting service to both Vava'u and Ha'apai again. Cable ship MV > Lodbrog was brought in from Singapore with 60 km of spares but got > delayed in Fiji due to mechanical issues. The cable was repaired on 16 > August 2024, in the same location. The operators were well aware of > the risk, however re-routing the cable would have required it to be > lengthened, with the need to insert repeaters, upgrade terminal > equipment, and conduct a new marine survey, which would have meant > further delays. > > On 26 August 2024, 11:29 am, a M6.9 quake struck in the area at a > depth of about 106 km. Our Science building in Auckland has a "citizen > science" seismograph with a big display in its foyer, and my student > and I noticed the very prominent event as we returned from lunch. > Little did we know that this wasn't as close to home as we'd thought, > but would touch us in other ways that week. You've guessed it: The > cable has been cut again, the cable ship's been recalled, and nobody > quite knows what they'll find this time. > > https://matangitonga.to/2024/08/27/domestic-submarine-cable-out-again-after-haapai-earthquake-yesterday > > > The latest plan I know of was to repair in the same location again, > using armored spares - but they know that this may not prevent further > damage. Geological advice is that any decent quake in the area will > cause further submarine landslides in the coming years until the area > has settled. > > Meanwhile, Starlink has been licensed to operate commercially in > Tonga. For many Pacific Island countries, this is a double-edged > sword: On the one hand, this provides short-term relief, on the other > hand, it deprives local ISPs of customers and therefore impacts on > aspirations to achieve cable connectivity which could provide more > bandwidth in the medium term. > > Some island nations have not yet licensed Starlink, but allow Starlink > units on regional roaming plans to operate there. In some cases, there > are now hundreds of such units operating in individual cells. This > appears to be causing Starlink some headaches in terms of capacity - > we've seen them being creative when it comes to user density > management before. What happens if Starlink are going to be licensed > there but can't offer fixed service on the ground because of the large > number of roaming subscribers already there? I understand that some of > these "roaming" users have been contacted by Starlink with a request > to either take these units back to their home location country where > they are registered (which isn't likely to happen given the cost > involved) or register them in the country they're currently in (not > possible in some cases for lack of local fixed service offered). > > Ulrich > > -- **************************************************************** Dr. Ulrich Speidel School of Computer Science Room 303S.594 (City Campus) The University of Auckland u.speidel@auckland.ac.nz http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~ulrich/ ****************************************************************