[Starlink] Main hurdles against the Integration of Satellites and Terrestial Networks

[Mike Puchol]

The ETSI standard you reference is a generic framework for testing & measuring earth stations connecting to NGSO systems, so they may be using it, but it’s not mandatory. In any case, the standard doesn’t have any effect on the RF characteristics, the interoperability, etc.

Regarding ISL, I would doubt they use the SDA OCT standard, except maybe for Starshield payloads. The SDA standard requires beaconless PAT without a side channel to sync the two OCTs, which makes things much harder. Acquisition times are longer, and initial pointing requires extremely accurate knowledege of the position of the other side, which greatly increases cost.

Best,

Mike
On Sep 2, 2023 at 18:03 -0700, David Fernández via Starlink <starlink at lists.bufferbloat.net>, wrote:
> It seems that Starlink follows this norm, although it does not reflect
> the entire Starlink system specification:
> https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/303900_303999/303981/01.02.00_30/en_303981v010200v.pdf
>
> Then, for the ISL, I suppose they are following this:
> https://www.sda.mil/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/SDA-OCT-Standard-v3.0.pdf
>
> > Date: Fri, 1 Sep 2023 17:27:30 +0100
> > From: Inemesit Affia <inemesitaffia at gmail.com>
> > To: David Lang <david at lang.hm>
> > Cc: Alexandre Petrescu <alexandre.petrescu at gmail.com>,
> > starlink at lists.bufferbloat.net
> > Subject: Re: [Starlink] Main hurdles against the Integration of
> > Satellites and Terrestial Networks
> > Message-ID:
> > <CAJEhh70CMSk_WAmd9sgXfMDoWZhhz5uPAU=d5UG3rW5XFkw1KQ at mail.gmail.com>
> > Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
> >
> > For the US military, starlink has already allowed two antenna/terminal
> > manufacturers to connect to the network.
> >
> > Ball aerospace for aircraft.
> >
> > DUJUD(hope I got that right) for regular user terminals.
> >
> > Any antenna that connects with OneWeb should theoretically work apart from
> > the DRM
> >
> > On Wed, Aug 30, 2023, 8:36 PM David Lang <david at lang.hm> wrote:
> >
> > > Exactly my thoughts (I haven't downloaded and read the full report yet).
> > > What
> > > are they looking to do with this 'integration'? I can integrate my
> > > starlink just
> > > like any other ISP.
> > >
> > > or are they looking at the 'cell phones to orbit' functionality thats due
> > > to
> > > roll out very suddently
> > >
> > > or are they looking for "intergration" as another way to say "force SpaceX
> > > to
> > > open the specs for Starlink and allow other user terminals to interact
> > > with the
> > > Starlink satellites?
> > >
> > > The cynic in me says it's the latter.
> > >
> > > long term it may make sense to do this to some degree, but we are WAY too
> > > early
> > > to define "Interoperability Standards" and block people from coming up
> > > with
> > > better ways to do things.
> > >
> > > the Apple vs SpaceX cellphone-to-satellite have completely different ways
> > > of
> > > operating, and who wants to tell all the Apple people that their way isn't
> > > going
> > > to be the standard (or worse, that it is and they have to give everyone
> > > else the
> > > ability to use their currently proprietary protocol)
> > >
> > > David Lang
> > >
> > > On Wed, 30 Aug 2023, Inemesit Affia via Starlink wrote:
> > >
> > > > With the existence of solutions like OpenMTCProuter, SDWAN, policy based
> > > > routing or any solution in general that allows combination in a sense of
> > > > any number of IP links, I really don't see a point for specific
> > > solutions.
> > > > Can anyone enlighten me?
> > > >
> > > > For home users an issue may be IP blocks for certain services like
> > > Netflix
> > > > when the egress is out of a VPN or cloud provider richer than a
> > > residential
> > > > provider
> > > >
> > > > On Wed, Aug 30, 2023, 2:57 PM Alexandre Petrescu via Starlink <
> > > > starlink at lists.bufferbloat.net> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > Le 30/08/2023 à 14:10, Hesham ElBakoury via Starlink a écrit :
> > > > > > Here is a report which summarizes the outcome of the last Satellites
> > > > > > conference
> > > > > > [
> > > > >
> > > https://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/39841-satellite-2023-summary-linking-up
> > > > > ]
> > > > > >
> > > > > > The report highlights the two main hurdles against the integration of
> > > > > > satellites and terrestrial networks: standardization and business
> > > model.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > "/Most of the pushback against closer integration of terrestrial
> > > > > > wireless and satellite networks revolved around standardization. This
> > > > > > may just be growing pains and it likely reflects the relative
> > > > > > positions of wireless and satellite along the maturity curve, but some
> > > > > > of the speakers were arguing against standardization. The basis of
> > > > > > this argument was that the mobile industry only understands standards,
> > > > > > but the satellite industry is currently differentiating based on
> > > > > > custom systems and capabilities. The feeling was that the satellite
> > > > > > industry had focused on technology and not regulations or standards
> > > > > > and changing that course would not be helpful to the industry in the
> > > > > > short term. Timing is important in this analysis because almost
> > > > > > everyone agreed that at some point, standardization would be a good
> > > > > > thing, but the concern was the best way to get to the point in the
> > > > > > future. The other interesting argument against closer integration
> > > > > > between wireless and satellite had to do with the business model.
> > > > > > Several speakers questioned where the customers would go as
> > > > > > terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks become more integrated. The
> > > > > > underlying issues seemed to include who is responsible for solving
> > > > > > network issues and perhaps more importantly, who recognizes the
> > > > > > revenue. These issues seem, perhaps a bit simplistically, to be
> > > > > > similar to early wireless roaming issues. While these issues created
> > > > > > turbulence in the wireless market, they were solved and that is
> > > > > > probably a template to address these challenges for the wireless and
> > > > > > satellite operators."/
> > > > > > /
> > > > > > /
> > > > > > Comments?
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > It is an interesting report.
> > > > >
> > > > > For standardisation standpoint, it seems SDOs do push towards
> > > > > integration of 5G/6G and satcom; there are strong initiatives at least
> > > > > at 3GPP (NTN WI proposals) and IETF (TVR WG) in that direction. But
> > > > > these are SDOs traditionally oriented to land communications, rather
> > > > > than space satcom.
> > > > >
> > > > > I wonder whether space satcom traditional SDOs (which ones?) have
> > > > > initiated work towards integration with 5G/6G and other land-based
> > > > > Internet?
> > > > >
> > > > > Alex
> > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Hesham
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